Global Informality Project

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==Become an author==
==Become an author==


The Encyclopaedia is based on authored entries of approximately 1,000-1,500 words including bibliography. We are looking for contributors who have done primary, if not pioneering research of aspects of informality. If you are interested in contributing, please contact us at [mailto:informality2014@gmail.com informality2014@gmail.com].  
The Encyclopaedia is based on authored entries of approximately 1,000-1,500 words including bibliography. We are looking for contributors who have done primary, if not pioneering research of aspects of informality.


===Guidelines for Entries===
===Guidelines for Entries===
Each entry should focus on a single practice (preferably named in colloquial way) and analyse at least some of the following aspects:  
Each entry should focus on a single practice (preferably named in colloquial way) and analyse at least some of the following aspects:  
*Local name of the informal practice;   
*Local name of the informal practice;   
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*How can the practice be measured?  
*How can the practice be measured?  
*Please cross-reference and recommend readings.  
*Please cross-reference and recommend readings.  
 
===Style===
===Style===
*Entries should be written in British English in encyclopaedic style  
 
*Do not use headings or footnotes
Entries should be aimed at a non-specialist audience, including non-academics. Entries should be written in British English in encyclopaedic style. Please use simple and straightforward language and avoid the use of the first person pronoun.
*Avoid use of the first person pronoun  
*Use simple and straightforward language 
*Entries should be aimed at a non-specialist audience, including non-academics
   
   
===Format===
===Entry header===
*Include keywords that best describe the practice.
*Please list the name and location of the practice, author’s name and institution at the top of the document, in the exact format you wish it to appear, e.g.:
*Please enclose with your submission two images related to the entry, which are either owned by you or not subject to copyright.
:Blat
*Entries should be double-spaced, ideally in Times New Roman font, point 12, with
:Russia
*margins set to ‘normal’ (2.54cm all round).
:Alena V. Ledeneva
*Non-English words, including the name of the practice, should appear in italics.
:School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London
*Referencing should appear in parentheses in the text, in the form (Surname Year: page number(s)), e.g. (Smith 2014: 31-5). Please do not put a comma between the author and the year.
*Please include with your submission an email address where you will be most easily contacted throughout the duration of the project.  
*All references in the text should be included in the bibliography/recommended reading.
*Include between 5 and 10 keywords that best describe the practice.
*Please list the name of the practice, author’s name and institution at the top of the document, in the exact format you wish it to appear, e.g.:  
*Include a short, one-sentence definition of the practice.
:''Name of practice: blat ''
 
:''Where found: Russia ''
===Illustrations===
:''Author name: Alena V. Ledeneva ''
*If applicable, please attach up to two images illustrating the practice. We prefer images that are your own work or not subject to copyright.
:''Institution: School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London''
*Please use double square brackets to mark any analogous practice you are cross-referencing, e.g. [[<nowiki />guanxi]].
*Only use singular inverted commas and quotation marks, not double. E.g. ‘informal’, NOT “informal”.  
*Percentages: write as e.g. 6 per cent, NOT 6% or 6 percent.  
*Write centuries out in full, e.g. nineteenth century, NOT 19th century. Decades can be written numerically, e.g. ‘during the 1920s’.  
*Please attach photographs or other media as a separate file and do not insert them in the text document.  
*Please attach photographs or other media as a separate file and do not insert them in the text document.  
*Please include with your submission an email address where you will be most easily contacted throughout the duration of the project.  
*Provide captions for all the pictures as well as the source of the material (author, website address, literature citation) and the name of the copyright holder (e.g. 'Exchanging favours in Russia. Source: Photo by author. © Alena Ledeneva.').
 
===Formatting===
*Use single inverted commas and quotation marks, do not use double quotes, e.g. ‘informal’, NOT “informal”.
*Write percentages out in full, e.g. 6 per cent, NOT 6% or 6 percent.
*Write centuries out in full, e.g. nineteenth century NOT 19th century. Decades can be written numerically, e.g. ‘during the 1920s’.
*Non-English words, including the name of the practice, should appear in ''italics''.
*Do not use headings or footnotes.


===Referencing format===
===Referencing format===
*In-text referencing should appear in parentheses, in the form (Surname Year: page number), e.g. (Smith 2014: 31-5). Please do not put a comma between the author and the year.
*The list of references should only contain items included in the text.


'''Books'''  
'''Books'''  


Rupp, K. 2004. ''Gift Giving in Japan: Cash, Connections, Cosmologies.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press  
:Rupp, K. 2004. ''Gift Giving in Japan: Cash, Connections, Cosmologies.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press  
   
   
Blundo, G. and Le Meur, P. Y. (eds.) 2009. ''The Governance of Daily Life in Africa: Ethnographic Explorations of Public and Collective Services.'' Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers  
:Blundo, G. and Le Meur, P. Y. (eds.) 2009. ''The Governance of Daily Life in Africa: Ethnographic Explorations of Public and Collective Services.'' Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers  


Padgett, J., Bonacich, P., Skvoretz, J. and Scott, J. 2000. ''Social Network Analysis.'' London: Sage  
:Padgett, J., Bonacich, P., Skvoretz, J. and Scott, J. 2000. ''Social Network Analysis.'' London: Sage  
   
   
'''Chapters from edited collections'''  
'''Chapters from edited collections'''  


Bourdieu, P. 1986. ‘The forms of capital’, in J. G. Richardson (ed.), ''Handbook of Theory and  
:Bourdieu, P. 1986. ‘The forms of capital’, in J. G. Richardson (ed.), ''Handbook of Theory and  
Research for the Sociology of Education.'' New York: Greenwood Press: 241-58  
Research for the Sociology of Education.'' New York: Greenwood Press: 241-58  
   
   
'''Journal Articles'''  
'''Journal Articles'''  


Lebra, T. S. 1975. ‘An Alternative Approach to Reciprocity’, ''American Anthropologist'', 77:  
:Lebra, T. S. 1975. ‘An Alternative Approach to Reciprocity’, ''American Anthropologist'', 77:  
550-6  
550-6  


'''News articles'''  
'''News articles'''  


Kuzmin, V. 2011. ‘By October 1, government officials will leave the boards of state-run companies’, ''Rossiyskaya Gazeta'', 4 April: 3  
:Kuzmin, V. 2011. ‘By October 1, government officials will leave the boards of state-run companies’, ''Rossiyskaya Gazeta'', 4 April: 3  


Novaya gazeta. 2010. ‘A bil li uchreditel’?’, No. 74, 12 July: 6  
:Novaya gazeta. 2010. ‘A bil li uchreditel’?’, No. 74, 12 July: 6  


RIA Novosti. 2010. ‘Nothing can make nation drink less, say quarter of Russians’, 17 March  
:RIA Novosti. 2010. ‘Nothing can make nation drink less, say quarter of Russians’, 17 March  
   
   
'''Internet-based sources'''  
'''Internet-based sources'''  


Petrov, T. 2012. ‘The secret of the wine cellar’, Rumafia.com, 4 May, rumafia.com/material.php?id=496  
:Petrov, T. 2012. ‘The secret of the wine cellar’, Rumafia.com, 4 May, rumafia.com/material.php?id=496  


Newsbsm.com. 2011. ‘Vladimir Putin speaks out against sharp rise in prices on alcohol in Russia’, 1 April, www.newsbcm.com/doc/725  
:Newsbsm.com. 2011. ‘Vladimir Putin speaks out against sharp rise in prices on alcohol in Russia’, 1 April, www.newsbcm.com/doc/725  


UNDP. 2004. Practice Code: Anti-corruption, www.undp.org/governance/docs/AC_PN_English.pdf   
:UNDP. 2004. Practice Code: Anti-corruption, www.undp.org/governance/docs/AC_PN_English.pdf   
   
   
'''Multiple works from the same author and year'''  
'''Multiple works from the same author and year'''  
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Please differentiate by adding a letter after the year of publication, starting with “a”. For example:  
Please differentiate by adding a letter after the year of publication, starting with “a”. For example:  


Ballard, R. 2005a. ‘Coalitions of reciprocity and the maintenance of financial integrity within informal value transmission systems: The operational dynamics of contemporary hawala networks’, ''Journal of Banking Regulation'', 6 (4): 319–352  
:Ballard, R. 2005a. ‘Coalitions of reciprocity and the maintenance of financial integrity within informal value transmission systems: The operational dynamics of contemporary hawala networks’, ''Journal of Banking Regulation'', 6 (4): 319–352  


Ballard, R. 2005b. ‘Remittances and economic development in India and Pakistan’, in S.  
:Ballard, R. 2005b. ‘Remittances and economic development in India and Pakistan’, in S.  
Maimbo and D. Ratha (eds.), ''Remittances: Development Impact and Future Prospects.'' Washington, D.C.: World Bank  
Maimbo and D. Ratha (eds.), ''Remittances: Development Impact and Future Prospects.'' Washington, D.C.: World Bank  


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transliterate any non-Latin scripts into Latin letters, e.g.:  
transliterate any non-Latin scripts into Latin letters, e.g.:  


Korzhikhina, T. P. 1992. ''Administrativno-komandnaya sistema upravleniia.'' Moscow: RGGU  
:Korzhikhina, T. P. 1992. ''Administrativno-komandnaya sistema upravleniia.'' Moscow: RGGU  


Kulikov, V. 2005. ‘Telefonnoe pravo podsudno’, ''Rossiiskaya gazeta'', 6 September, www.rg.ru/2005/09/06/telefonnoe-pravo.html
:Kulikov, V. 2005. ‘Telefonnoe pravo podsudno’, ''Rossiiskaya gazeta'', 6 September, www.rg.ru/2005/09/06/telefonnoe-pravo.html


==Contact us==
==Contact us==
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