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{{infobox | {{infobox | ||
| nameofpractice =Dangou | |||
| flagemoji =🇯🇵 | |||
| definition =Bid-fixing in supposedly competitive tenders | |||
| location =Japan | |||
| imagemap =Japan map.png | |||
| clusters = | |||
}} | [[:Category:Market|Market]] – [[:Category: Functional ambivalence| Functional ambivalence]] – [[:Category: Gaming the system| Gaming the system]] – [[:Category: Camouflage| Camouflage]] – [[:Category: Playing the letter of the rules against their spirit| Playing the letter of the rules against their spirit]] | ||
| categories = | |||
[[:Category:Japan|Japan]] – [[:Category: East Asia| East Asia]] – [[:Category: Bid-rigging| Bid-rigging]] – [[:Category: Tender| Tender]] – [[:Category: Public Service| Public Service]] – [[:Category: Procurement| Procurement]] | |||
| authorofpiece =Shuwei Qian | |||
| authorinstitution =Alumna, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, UK and George Mason University, USA | |||
''Dangou'' (sometimes spelt ''Dango'') consists of two Japanese ''kanji'' characters, ''dan'' meaning ‘dialogue’ and ''gou'' meaning harmony. Originally, the meaning of ''dangou'' was consultation or conference, but the meaning has changed and come to refer to a practice of cartel- a mutually agreed position to pre determine the successful bid for a contract within the Japanese procurement system. Thus, its equivalent English term is bid rigging. | | authorwebsite =[https://cn.linkedin.com/in/shuwei-qian-720889131 Profile page at LinkedIn]}} | ||
<big>'''By Shuwei Qian, Alumna, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, UK and George Mason University, USA'''</big> | |||
[[Category:Market]] | |||
[[Category: Functional ambivalence]] | |||
[[Category: Gaming the system]] | |||
[[Category: Camouflage]] | |||
[[Category: Playing the letter of the rules against their spirit]] | |||
[[Category:Japan]] | |||
[[Category: East Asia]] | |||
[[Category: Bid-rigging]] | |||
[[Category: Tender]] | |||
[[Category: Public Service]] | |||
[[Category: Procurement]] | |||
[[Category:Entry]] | |||
[[Category: Volume 2]] | |||
[[Category: Alumni]] | |||
[[Category: SSEES]] | |||
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|style="font-size:1.1em;"| ''Dangou'' (sometimes spelt ''Dango'') consists of two Japanese ''kanji'' characters, ''dan'' meaning ‘dialogue’ and ''gou'' meaning harmony. Originally, the meaning of ''dangou'' was consultation or conference, but the meaning has changed and come to refer to a practice of cartel- a mutually agreed position to pre determine the successful bid for a contract within the Japanese procurement system. Thus, its equivalent English term is bid rigging. | |||
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''Dangou'', has a long history dating back 500 years to the Edo era, and as such it may be argued there is no other case in the world that has such a pervasive and codified system as is found today in the Japanese public construction system (Woodall 1993: 297<ref>Woodall, B. 1993. ‘The logic of collusive action: the political roots of Japan’s dango system’, Comparative politics, 25: 297-312.</ref>). Japanese citizens were so accustomed to this practice that it was not until not until after the end of the Second World War, with America’s intervention in the Japanese domestic market that scandals relating to ''dangou'' were publically acknowledged and reported by the press (McMillan 1991: 201<ref>McMillan, J. 1991. ‘Dango: Japan’s price-fixing conspiracies’, Economics and politics, 2: 201-218.</ref>). | ''Dangou'', has a long history dating back 500 years to the Edo era, and as such it may be argued there is no other case in the world that has such a pervasive and codified system as is found today in the Japanese public construction system (Woodall 1993: 297<ref>Woodall, B. 1993. ‘The logic of collusive action: the political roots of Japan’s dango system’, Comparative politics, 25: 297-312.</ref>). Japanese citizens were so accustomed to this practice that it was not until not until after the end of the Second World War, with America’s intervention in the Japanese domestic market that scandals relating to ''dangou'' were publically acknowledged and reported by the press (McMillan 1991: 201<ref>McMillan, J. 1991. ‘Dango: Japan’s price-fixing conspiracies’, Economics and politics, 2: 201-218.</ref>). | ||
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# The Japan Times. 2006. ‘Enough of make-believe bidding’, 7 February, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2006/02/07/editorials/enough-of-make-believe-bidding/#.VyFS-yMrJhA | # The Japan Times. 2006. ‘Enough of make-believe bidding’, 7 February, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2006/02/07/editorials/enough-of-make-believe-bidding/#.VyFS-yMrJhA | ||
== | ==References== | ||