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Notwithstanding state-led efforts to modernise the ''Baraholka''’s infrastructure and eliminate open-air trade, ''baraholkas'' in general and Almaty’s ''Baraholka'' in particular will continue to exist given their importance in job creation, supply chains and in providing an affordable retail outlet for consumers. Kazakhstan’s ‘formal’ economy is not as yet conducive to small business creation. Reducing the ''Baraholkas'' requires institutional reforms to the formal sector: individuals will continue to opt for informal employment in ''Baraholka'' as long formal sector opportunities are less attractive. Despite the stigmatisation of Almaty’s ''Baraholka'', and all of Kazakhstan’s ''baraholkas'', they will endure. | Notwithstanding state-led efforts to modernise the ''Baraholka''’s infrastructure and eliminate open-air trade, ''baraholkas'' in general and Almaty’s ''Baraholka'' in particular will continue to exist given their importance in job creation, supply chains and in providing an affordable retail outlet for consumers. Kazakhstan’s ‘formal’ economy is not as yet conducive to small business creation. Reducing the ''Baraholkas'' requires institutional reforms to the formal sector: individuals will continue to opt for informal employment in ''Baraholka'' as long formal sector opportunities are less attractive. Despite the stigmatisation of Almaty’s ''Baraholka'', and all of Kazakhstan’s ''baraholkas'', they will endure. | ||
==References== | |||
<References /> | |||
==References and Bibliography== | ==References and Bibliography== | ||
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# Spector, R. 2008. ‘Bazaar Politics: the Fate of Marketplaces in Kazakhstan’, Problems of Post-Communism, 55 (6): 42-53 | # Spector, R. 2008. ‘Bazaar Politics: the Fate of Marketplaces in Kazakhstan’, Problems of Post-Communism, 55 (6): 42-53 | ||
# ‘V Almaty torgu’iushchikh na barakholke predlagaiut sdelat’ sobstvennikami novykh rynkov,’ 2014, Zakon.kz, http://www.zakon.kz/4598834-v-almaty-torgujushhikh-na-barakholke.html. | # ‘V Almaty torgu’iushchikh na barakholke predlagaiut sdelat’ sobstvennikami novykh rynkov,’ 2014, Zakon.kz, http://www.zakon.kz/4598834-v-almaty-torgujushhikh-na-barakholke.html. | ||