Contributor, Editor, Supervisor
2,305
edits
Difference between revisions of "Travail au noir (France)"
Travail au noir (France) (view source)
Revision as of 15:08, 24 November 2021
, 15:08, 24 November 2021no edit summary
Editor2018 (talk | contribs) |
Editor2018 (talk | contribs) |
||
| (3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
| nameofpractice = Travail au noir | | nameofpractice = Travail au noir | ||
| flagemoji = 🇫🇷 | | flagemoji = 🇫🇷 | ||
| definition = | | definition = Lit. ‘black labour’, unregistered or partially registered employment | ||
| location = France | | location = France | ||
| imagemap = France map.png | | imagemap = France map.png | ||
| clusters = [[:Category: | | clusters = [[:Category:Market|Market]] – [[:Category: Functional ambivalence| Functional ambivalence]] – [[:Category: System made me do it| System made me do it]] – [[:Category: Survival| Survival]] – [[:Category: Informal entrepreneurship| Informal entrepreneurship]] | ||
| categories = [[:Category: France|France]] – [[:Category: Europe| Europe]] – [[:Category: | | categories = [[:Category: France|France]] – [[:Category: Europe| Europe]] – [[:Category: Payment| Payment]] – [[:Category: Money| Money]] – [[:Category: Employment| Employment]] – [[:Category: Tax avoidance| Tax avoidance]] | ||
| authorofpiece = Carla Montigny | | authorofpiece = Carla Montigny | ||
| authorinstitution = Alumna, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, UK | | authorinstitution = Alumna, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, UK | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
}} | }} | ||
<big>'''By Carla Montigny, Alumna, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, UK'''</big> | <big>'''By Carla Montigny, Alumna, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, UK'''</big> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Market]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: Functional ambivalence]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: System made me do it]] | ||
[[Category: Survival]] | |||
[[Category: Informal entrepreneurship]] | |||
[[Category: France]] | [[Category: France]] | ||
[[Category: Europe]] | [[Category: Europe]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: Payment]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: Money]] | ||
[[Category: Employment]] | |||
[[Category: Tax avoidance]] | |||
[[Category: Entry]] | [[Category: Entry]] | ||
[[Category: 2021 entry]] | [[Category: 2021 entry]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="font-size:1.1em;"| ''Travail au noir'', literally ‘black labour’ in French, refers to undeclared or unreported employment. The practice is spread worldwide, but similar expressions exist in Italy, where it is called ''lavoro sommerso'' or ''lavoro in nero'' (literally submerged or black labour), and in Sweden, under the name ''svart arbete''. In French law, in the article of the 11th of July 1972, travail au noir is defined as the money-making act of production, transformation, reparation, or trade, by a person who is not declared and has not fulfilled the social and fiscal obligation linked to their activities, except if they only occur occasionally (Barthélemy: 1982). | |style="font-size:1.1em;"| ''Travail au noir'', literally ‘black labour’ in French, refers to undeclared or unreported employment. The practice is spread worldwide, but similar expressions exist in Italy, where it is called ''lavoro sommerso'' or ''lavoro in nero'' (literally submerged or black labour), and in Sweden, under the name ''[[svart arbete]]''. In French law, in the article of the 11th of July 1972, travail au noir is defined as the money-making act of production, transformation, reparation, or trade, by a person who is not declared and has not fulfilled the social and fiscal obligation linked to their activities, except if they only occur occasionally (Barthélemy: 1982). | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 50: | Line 53: | ||
Barthe, M.-A. 1985. 'Chômage, travail au noir et entraide familiale', ''Revue Consommation'' | Barthe, M.-A. 1985. 'Chômage, travail au noir et entraide familiale', ''Revue Consommation'' | ||
Barthélemy, P. 1982. 'Travail au noir et économie souterraine : un état de la recherche', ''Travail et Emploi'', | Barthélemy, P. 1982. 'Travail au noir et économie souterraine : un état de la recherche', ''Travail et Emploi'', 12 (4) | ||
Fleming, M. H., Roman, J. & Farrell, G. 2000. 'The Shadow Economy', ''Journal of International Affairs'', | Fleming, M. H., Roman, J. & Farrell, G. 2000. 'The Shadow Economy', ''Journal of International Affairs'', 53 (2): 387-409 | ||
Helmke, G. & Levitsky, S. 2004. 'Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda', ''Perspectives on Politics'', | Helmke, G. & Levitsky, S. 2004. 'Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda', ''Perspectives on Politics'', 2 (4): 725-740 | ||
Laé, J. F. 1990. 'Le travail au noir, vestibule de l'emploi', ''Sociologie du Travail'', | Laé, J. F. 1990. 'Le travail au noir, vestibule de l'emploi', ''Sociologie du Travail'', 32 (1): 23-37 | ||
Ledeneva, A. & Efendic, A. 2020. 'The rules of the game in transition: how informal institutions work in South East Europe', in: Douarin, E. & Havrylyshyn, O. (eds.) Handbook of Comparative Economics, Palgrave Macmillan, London | Ledeneva, A. & Efendic, A. 2020. 'The rules of the game in transition: how informal institutions work in South East Europe', in: Douarin, E. & Havrylyshyn, O. (eds.) Handbook of Comparative Economics, Palgrave Macmillan, London | ||
North, D. C. 1991. ‘Institutions’, ''The Journal of Economic Perspectives'', | North, D. C. 1991. ‘Institutions’, ''The Journal of Economic Perspectives'', 5 (1): 97-112 | ||
Stuart, E., Samman, E. & Hunt, A. 2018. ‘Informal is the new normal – Improving the lives of workers at risk of being left behind’, ''Shaping Policy for Development'' | Stuart, E., Samman, E. & Hunt, A. 2018. ‘Informal is the new normal – Improving the lives of workers at risk of being left behind’, ''Shaping Policy for Development'' | ||