Difference between revisions of "Kumoterstwo and kolesiostwo (Poland)"

   | authorofpiece = Piotr Koryś and Maciej Tymiński

   | authorofpiece = Piotr Koryś and Maciej Tymiński

 '''''Original text by Piotr Koryś and Maciej Tymiński '''''

 '''''Original text by Piotr Koryś and Maciej Tymiński '''''

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''Kumoterstwo'' and ''kolesiostwo'' describe similar but not identical practices commonly found in Poland. ''Kumoterstwo'' derives from the old Polish noun ''kum ''which, while rarely heard today, was once commonly used to mean a close friend or neighbour.  It describes an informal practice that is widely practised in many countries: that is, a mutual exchange of favours between relatives, friends or colleagues. In the English-speaking world it is known as cronyism, nepotism or favouritism, whereas in French-speaking countries it is called ''copinage'' or ''favoritisme''. While such relations are usually enacted between partners on a horizontal basis, hierarchical relations are also possible, for example in patron-client relations between relatives, friends or colleagues.

''Kumoterstwo'' and ''kolesiostwo'' describe similar but not identical practices commonly found in Poland. ''Kumoterstwo'' derives from the old Polish noun ''kum ''which, while rarely heard today, was once commonly used to mean a close friend or neighbour.  It describes an informal practice that is widely practised in many countries: that is, a mutual exchange of favours between relatives, friends or colleagues. In the English-speaking world it is known as cronyism, nepotism or favouritism, whereas in French-speaking countries it is called ''copinage'' or ''favoritisme''. While such relations are usually enacted between partners on a horizontal basis, hierarchical relations are also possible, for example in patron-client relations between relatives, friends or colleagues.

[[Category: Co-optation]]

[[Category: Co-optation]]

[[Category: Recruiting Clients and Patrons]]

[[Category: Recruiting Clients and Patrons]]