Difference between revisions of "Small-scale smuggling (Global)"

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Etymologically, ‘smuggling’ stems from the Germanic word ''smeug'' or ''smugan'' which means ‘to lurk secretly and spitefully’<ref>Kluge, F. (1960): Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Berlin.</ref>, and from the Danish ''smug'' which means ‘secretly’, ‘hidden’ <ref>Schomburg, W. (1992): Lexikon der deutschen Steuer- und Zollgeschichte. Von den Anfängen bis 1806. München.</ref>. It originated in the 1660s at the North Sea region from the Low German ''smuggeln'' or Dutch ''smokkelen'', which originally meant something like ‘to sneak’ or perhaps literally ‘to slip’ (smuggled goods through), as well as ‘to creep’ and ‘to move in a ducked way’ <ref>www.etymonline.com</ref><ref>Pfeifer, Wolfgang (1993): Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen. Akademie-Verlag. Online: http://dwds.de/?qu=schmuggeln&submit_button=Suche&view=1, latest retrieval: 11.12.2013</ref>. It is also connected with the German word ''schmiegen'' which means ‘to nuzzle’: ‘Smuggling comes from nestling. One nestles up against the circumstances’<ref>Finckh, L. (1943): Schmuggler, Schelme, Schabernack. München.</ref>. Thus, originally smuggling was associated with ‘hiding’, with getting around customs rules and reacting to external conditions. This significance holds also true in completely differently rooted languages: the Swahili ''chora chora'' which refers to smuggling also means ‘to flee’, ‘to by-pass’ and ‘to hide’<ref>Doevenspeck, M. et al. (2012): Navigating uncertainty: observations from the Kongo-Rwanda border. In: Bruns, B.; Miggelbrink, J. (eds.): Subverting Borders. Doing Research on Smuggling and Small-scale Trade. Wiesbaden: VS:85-106.</ref>. In contrast to this rather cultural linguistic development, the Russian translation of smuggling is simply ''provozit’ kontrabandoi'' (провозить контрабандой, literally ‘to transport contraband’) which focuses on the illegality of the practice: the term originates from the Latin ''contra bannum'': against the ban.

Etymologically, ‘smuggling’ stems from the Germanic word ''smeug'' or ''smugan'' which means ‘to lurk secretly and spitefully’<ref>Kluge, F. (1960): Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Berlin.</ref>, and from the Danish ''smug'' which means ‘secretly’, ‘hidden’ <ref>Schomburg, W. (1992): Lexikon der deutschen Steuer- und Zollgeschichte. Von den Anfängen bis 1806. München.</ref>. It originated in the 1660s at the North Sea region from the Low German ''smuggeln'' or Dutch ''smokkelen'', which originally meant something like ‘to sneak’ or perhaps literally ‘to slip’ (smuggled goods through), as well as ‘to creep’ and ‘to move in a ducked way’ <ref>www.etymonline.com</ref><ref>Pfeifer, Wolfgang (1993): Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen. Akademie-Verlag. Online: http://dwds.de/?qu=schmuggeln&submit_button=Suche&view=1, latest retrieval: 11.12.2013</ref>. It is also connected with the German word ''schmiegen'' which means ‘to nuzzle’: ‘Smuggling comes from nestling. One nestles up against the circumstances’<ref>Finckh, L. (1943): Schmuggler, Schelme, Schabernack. München.</ref>. Thus, originally smuggling was associated with ‘hiding’, with getting around customs rules and reacting to external conditions. This significance holds also true in completely differently rooted languages: the Swahili ''chora chora'' which refers to smuggling also means ‘to flee’, ‘to by-pass’ and ‘to hide’<ref>Doevenspeck, M. et al. (2012): Navigating uncertainty: observations from the Kongo-Rwanda border. In: Bruns, B.; Miggelbrink, J. (eds.): Subverting Borders. Doing Research on Smuggling and Small-scale Trade. Wiesbaden: VS:85-106.</ref>. In contrast to this rather cultural linguistic development, the Russian translation of smuggling is simply ''provozit’ kontrabandoi'' (провозить контрабандой, literally ‘to transport contraband’) which focuses on the illegality of the practice: the term originates from the Latin ''contra bannum'': against the ban.