Difference between revisions of "Tenderpreneur (South Africa)"

On the other hand, tenderpreneurship has a negative connotation associated with corrupt practices. The association was particularly noticeable in respect to state procurement processes whereby tenders to supply goods and services were increasingly awarded to individuals with personal linkages to the ruling political party, the African National Congress (ANC) (Dlamini 2010<ref> Dlamini, Jacob. 2010. ‘Native Nostalgia’. Jacana.</ref>). One of the highest profile early examples was the South African Arms Deal, initiated in 1999, in which bribes were paid to high-ranking politicians, fixers, the ANC, and allied community development projects (Southall 2008<ref> Southall, Roger. 2008. ‘The ANC for sale? Money, morality & business in South Africa’. ''Review of African Political Economy'', 35(116), 281-299.</ref>). Key to this transition is the ANC’s ideology of liberation nationalism that defines the party as the champion of the black oppressed, who constitute the primary part of the South African nation; and its intersection with the access to resources enabled by party dominance at election time (Piper 2015<ref> Piper, Laurence. 2015. ‘From Party-State to Party-Society in South Africa: SANCO and the Informal Politics of Community Representation in ‘Imizamo Yethu’, Hout Bay, Cape Town’, in C. Bénit-Gbaffou (ed). ‘Popular Politics in South African Cities: Unpacking Community Participation’. Pretoria: HSRC Press, pp. 21-41. 978-0-7969-2464-3.</ref>).