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'''[http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ucl-press/browse-books/global-encyclopedia-of-informality-i Download PDF] | '''[http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ucl-press/browse-books/global-encyclopedia-of-informality-i Download PDF] | ||
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==Volume 2== | |||
'''[https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ucl-press/browse-books/global-encyclopaedia-of-informality-ii Download PDF]''' | |||
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'''Part 3: Market''' | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | |||
The functional ambivalence of informal strategies: supportive or subversive? | |||
Preface by Alena Ledeneva | |||
The system made me do it: strategies of survival | |||
Introduction: the puzzles of informal economy by Colin Marx | |||
Informal dwelling | |||
5.1 Squatting by Jovana Dikovic | |||
5.2 Schwarzwohnen (GDR) by Udo Grashoff | |||
5.3 Kraken (The Netherlands) by Hans Pruijt | |||
5.4 Allegados (Chile) by Ignacia Ossul | |||
5.5 Favela (Brazil) by Marta-Laura Suska | |||
5.6 Campamento (Chile) by Armando Caroca Fernandez | |||
5.7 Mukhayyam (occupied Palestinian territories and neighbouring Arab countries) by Lorenzo Navone and Federico Rahola | |||
5.8 Dacha (Russia) by Stephen Lovell | |||
Informal welfare | |||
5.9 Pabirčiti (or pabirčenje) (Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina) by Jovana Dikovic | |||
5.10 Skipping (general) by Giovanna Capponi | |||
5.11 Caffè sospeso (Italy) by Paolo Mancini | |||
5.12 Gap (Uzbekistan) by Timur Alexandrov | |||
5.13 Pomochi (Russia) by Irina V. Davydova | |||
5.14 Nachbarschaftschilfe (Germany and German-speaking countries) by Roland Arbesleitner | |||
5.15 Sosyudad (Philippines) by Ramon Felipe A. Sarmiento | |||
5.16 Vay mượn (Vietnam) by Abel Polese | |||
5.17 Loteria / Lloteria (Albania) by Drini Imami, Abel Polese and Klodjan Rama | |||
5.18 Esusu (Nigeria) by Evans Osabuohien and Oluyomi Ola-David | |||
5.19 Mahalla (Uzbekistan) by Rustamjon Urinboyev | |||
5.20 Tandas and cundinas (Mexico and south-western USA) by Carlos G. Vélez-Ibáñez | |||
5.21 Salam credit (Afghanistan) by James McLeod-Hatch | |||
5.22 Obshchak (Russia) by Gavin Slade 80 Informal entrepreneurship | |||
5.23 Zarobitchanstvo (Ukraine) by Alissa Tolstokorova | |||
5.24 Rad na crno (Serbia) by Kosovka Ognjenović | |||
5.25 Small-scale smuggling (general) by Bettina Bruns | |||
5.26 Chelnoki (Russia and FSU) by Anna Cieślewska | |||
5.27 Spaza shops (South Africa) by Vanya Gastrow | |||
5.28 Shebeens (South Africa) by Nicolette Peters | |||
5.29 Samogonovarenie (Russia) by Mark Lawrence Schrad | |||
5.30 Buôn có bạn, bán có phường (Vietnam) by Abel Polese | |||
5.31 Chợ cóc (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) by Gertrud Hüwelmeier | |||
5.32 Rod-re (Thailand) by Kisnaphol Wattanawanyoo 114 | |||
Boda-boda taxis (Uganda) by Tom Goodfellow | |||
5.34 Stoyanshiki (Georgia) by Lela Rekhviashvili | |||
5.35 Baraholka (Kazakhstan) by Dena Sholk | |||
5.36 Budženje (Serbia) by Marko Zivković | |||
5.37 Jugaad (India) by Shahana Chattaraj | |||
5.38 Jangmadang (North Korea) by Sokeel Park and James Pearson | |||
5.39 Informal mining (general) by Alvin A. Camba | |||
5.40 Hawala (Middle East, India and Pakistan) by Nauman Farooqi | |||
5.41 Bitcoin (general) by Jean-Philippe Vergne and Gautam Swain 1 | |||
Conclusion: how do tools of evasion become instruments of exploitation? by Scott Radnitz | |||
Gaming the system: strategies of camouflage | |||
Introduction: gaming the system by Philip Hanson | |||
Free-riding (staying under or over the radar) | |||
6.1 Cash in hand (general) by Colin C. Williams | |||
6.2 Blat (Romania) by Marius Wamsiedel | |||
6.3 Švercovanje (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro) by Ivana Spasić | |||
6.4 Deryban (Ukraine, Russia) by Olga Kesarchuk | |||
6.5 Fimi Media (Croatia) by Ružica Šimić Banović | |||
6.6 Tangentopoli (Italy) by Liliana Onorato | |||
Intermediation (partial compliance with the rules by creating invisibility) | |||
6.7 Brokerage (general) by David Jancsics | |||
6.8 Wāsṭa (Middle East, North Africa) by James Redman | |||
6.9 Dalali (India) by Nicolas Martin | |||
6.10 Torpil (Turkey) by Onur Yay | |||
6.11 Gestión (Mexico) by Tina Hilgers | |||
6.12 Pulling strings (UK/USA) by Peter B. Smith | |||
6.13 Kombinacja (Poland) (alt. kombinacya, kombinowanie, kombinować) by Edyta Materka | |||
6.14 S vrutka (Bulgaria) by Lora Koycheva | |||
6.15 Raccomandazione (Italy) by Dorothy L. Zinn | |||
6.16 Insider trading (USA/general) by Ilja Viktorov | |||
6.17 Externe Personen (Germany) by Andreas Maisch | |||
6.18 Pantouflage (France) by Frédérique Alexandre-Bailly and Maral Muratbekova-Touron | |||
6.19 Stróman (Hungary) by David Jancsics | |||
6.20 Benāmi (India) by Kalindi Kokal | |||
6.21 No entry (India) by Nikhilesh Sinha and Indivar Jonnalagadda | |||
6.22 Repetitorstvo (Russia and FSU) by Eduard Klein | |||
6.23 Krysha (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus) by Yulia Zabyelina and Anna Buzhor | |||
Creating façades (partial compliance with the rules by visible camouflage) | |||
6.24 Window dressing (general) by David Leung | |||
6.25 Pripiski (Russia) by Mark Harrison | |||
6.26 Kupona (Kosovo) by Arianit Tolaj | |||
6.27 Alga aploksnē (Latvia) by Klavs Sedlenieks | |||
6.28 Vzaimozachety (Russia) by Caroline Dufy | |||
6.29 Otkat (Russia) by Alexandra Vasileva | |||
6.30 Potemkin villages (Russia) by Jessica T. Pisano | |||
6.31 Astroturfing (USA/UK) by Anna Bailey and Sergei Samoilenko | |||
6.32 Dzhinsa (Russia) by Françoise Daucé | |||
6.33 Shpargalka (Russia) by Elena Denisova-Schmidt | |||
6.34 Pyramid schemes (general) by Leonie Schiffauer | |||
Playing the letter of the rules against their spirit | |||
6.35 Flipping (UK) by Jonathan Webb | |||
6.36 Reiderstvo (Russia and FSU) by Michael Mesquita | |||
6.37 Zakaznoe bankrotstvo (Russia) by Yuko Adachi | |||
6.38 Dangou/Dango (Japan) by Shuwei Qian | |||
6.39 Vzyatkoemkost’ (Russia) by Christian Timm | |||
Conclusion: methods of researching part-time crime and illicit economic activity by Gerald Mars | |||
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'''Part 4: Domination''' | |||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | |||
The motivational ambivalence: the blurring of the public and the private in the workings of informal power | |||
Preface by Alena Ledeneva | |||
7 Co-optation: recruiting clients and patrons | |||
Introduction: carrots versus sticks in patron–client networks by Paul M. Heywood | |||
7.1 Kormlenie (Russia) by Sergei Bogatyrev | |||
7.2 Kula (Tanzania) by Richard Faustine Sambaiga 7.3 Old corruption (UK historical) by William Rubinstein | |||
7.4 Political machineries (USA historical) by Fran Osrecki | |||
7.5 Seilschaft (Germany) by Dieter Zinnbauer | |||
7.6 Parteibuchwirtschaft (Austria and Germany) by Roland Arbesleitner | |||
7.7 Tazkia (Iraqi Kurdistan) by Hemn Namiq Jameel | |||
7.8 Uhljeb (Croatia) by Ružica Šimić Banović | |||
7.9 Trafika (Czech Republic) by Alzbeta Semsch | |||
7.10 Padrino system/balimbing (Philippines) by Pak Nung Wong and Kristine A. Joyce Lara-de-Leon | |||
7.11 Mafia Raj/Goonda Raj (India/South Asia) by Lucia Michelutti | |||
7.12 Pork barreling (USA) by Andrew H. Sidman | |||
7.13 Tamozhenniye l’goty (Russia) by Anna Bailey | |||
7.14 Kumoterstwo and kolesiostwo (Poland) by Piotr Koryś and Maciej Tymiński | |||
7.15 Quàn jiǔ (China) by Nan Zhao | |||
7.16 Sadghegrdzelo (Georgia) by Florian Müehlfried | |||
7.17 Goudui and Yingchou (China) by John Osburg | |||
Conclusion: do patron–client relationships affect complex societies? by Elena Semenova | |||
8 Control: instruments of informal governance | |||
Introduction: politics of fear by Vladimir Gelman | |||
8.1 Brodiazhnichestvo (Russia) by Sheila Fitzpatrick with Sheelagh Barron | |||
8.2 Songbun (North Korea) by James Pearson and Daniel Tudor | |||
8.3 Dirt book (UK) by Anna Bailey | |||
8.4 Kompromat (Russia) by Michael Mesquita | |||
8.5 Chernukha (Russia) by Ilya Yablokov and Nadezhda Dreval | |||
8.6 Character assassination (general) by Sergei Samoilenko, Eric Shiraev, Jennifer Keohane and Martijn Icks | |||
8.7 Psikhushka (USSR) by Robert van Voren | |||
8.8 Psikhushka (Russia) by Madeline Roache | |||
8.9 Zersetzung (GDR) by Udo Grashoff | |||
8.10 Smotryashchie, kuratory (Russia, Ukraine) by Andrew Wilson | |||
8.11 Telefonnoe pravo (Russia) by Alena Ledeneva with Ružica Šimić Banović and Costanza Curro | |||
8.12 Tsartsaani nüüdel (Mongolia) by Liz Fox | |||
8.13 Vertical crowdsourcing (Russia) by Gregory Asmolov | |||
8.14 Cyberattacks by semi-state actors (general) by Alistair Faulkner | |||
8.15 Khokkeynaya diplomatiya (Russia) by Yoshiko M. Herrera and Yuval Weber | |||
Conclusion: when do informal practices turn into informal institutions? Informal constitutions and informal ‘meta-rules’ by Scott Newton | |||
Bibliography to Chapter 8 | |||
Concluding remarks to Volume 2: are some countries more informal than others? The case of Russia Svetlana Baruskova and Alena Ledeneva | |||
Index | |||
</div> | |||
</div> | |||