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Difference between revisions of "Maan tapa (Finland)"
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Legally reprehensible links of ''maan tapa'' in Finland often have existed or exist in ''[[hyvä veli]]'' networks. These follow on the ‘I scratch your back, you scratch mine’ basis. This term originates in the correspondence of old Swedish-speaking civil service, where letters typically started with ‘Dear brother’ (''‘Hyvä veli’''). But here, too, the connotations of the term changed in the course of history from neutral to critical and ironic ones when used in press and everyday language. | Legally reprehensible links of ''maan tapa'' in Finland often have existed or exist in ''[[Hyvä Veli|hyvä veli]]'' networks. These follow on the ‘I scratch your back, you scratch mine’ basis. This term originates in the correspondence of old Swedish-speaking civil service, where letters typically started with ‘Dear brother’ (''‘Hyvä veli’''). But here, too, the connotations of the term changed in the course of history from neutral to critical and ironic ones when used in press and everyday language. | ||
The change in the use of the term reflects a changing reality. The Finnish law enforcement today seems alert in identifying problematic cases of ''maan tapa'' and bringing them to court. Academic research into ''maan tapa'' is still lacking, but since its meaning is linked to informal influence and corruption, research into corruption or administrative malpractice in Finland is relevant for its understanding (e.g. Salminen 2010<ref>Salminen, A. (ed.) 2010. Ethical governance: A citizen perspective. Vaasa: Vaasan yliopiston, | The change in the use of the term reflects a changing reality. The Finnish law enforcement today seems alert in identifying problematic cases of ''maan tapa'' and bringing them to court. Academic research into ''maan tapa'' is still lacking, but since its meaning is linked to informal influence and corruption, research into corruption or administrative malpractice in Finland is relevant for its understanding (e.g. Salminen 2010<ref>Salminen, A. (ed.) 2010. Ethical governance: A citizen perspective. Vaasa: Vaasan yliopiston, | ||
www.uva.fi/materiaali/pdf/isbn_978-952- 476-328- 8.pdf</ref>; Salminen and Mäntysalo 2013<ref>Salminen A. and Mäntysalo V. 2013. Epäeettisestä tuomittavaan: korruptio ja hyvä veli –verkostot | www.uva.fi/materiaali/pdf/isbn_978-952- 476-328- 8.pdf</ref>; Salminen and Mäntysalo 2013<ref>Salminen A. and Mäntysalo V. 2013. Epäeettisestä tuomittavaan: korruptio ja hyvä veli –verkostot | ||
Suomessa. Vaasa: Vaasan yliopiston, https://www.univaasa.fi/materiaali/pdf/isbn_978-952-476-429-2.pdf</ref>; Peurala and Muttilainen 2015<ref>Peurala J. and Muttilainen V. 2015. ‘Korruption riskikohteet 2010-luvun Suomessa’, | Suomessa. Vaasa: Vaasan yliopiston, https://www.univaasa.fi/materiaali/pdf/isbn_978-952-476-429-2.pdf</ref>; Peurala and Muttilainen 2015<ref>Peurala J. and Muttilainen V. 2015. ‘Korruption riskikohteet 2010-luvun Suomessa’, | ||
Poliisiammattikorkeakoulun raportteja 115, Tampere: Poliisiammattikorkeakoulu</ref>; [[hyvä veli]]). According to the Transparency International corruption perception index (CPI 2016<ref>Transparency International. 2016. Corruption Perception Index 2016, | Poliisiammattikorkeakoulun raportteja 115, Tampere: Poliisiammattikorkeakoulu</ref>; [[Hyvä Veli|hyvä veli]]). According to the Transparency International corruption perception index (CPI 2016<ref>Transparency International. 2016. Corruption Perception Index 2016, | ||
https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016</ref>) Finland is a country with the lowest levels of corruption in the world, but there are concerns that corruption in Finland has a structural character (Salminen and Viinamäki 2017<ref>Salminen A. and Viinamäki O.-P. 2017. Piilokorruptio Suomessa: Mitä kansalaiset kertovat? | https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016</ref>) Finland is a country with the lowest levels of corruption in the world, but there are concerns that corruption in Finland has a structural character (Salminen and Viinamäki 2017<ref>Salminen A. and Viinamäki O.-P. 2017. Piilokorruptio Suomessa: Mitä kansalaiset kertovat? | ||
Vaasa: Vaasan yliopiston, https://www.univaasa.fi/materiaali/pdf/isbn_978-952- 476-740- 8.pdf</ref>). Therefore, to address its nature, the future research on ''maan tapa'' should include studies of relevant historical lawsuits and their normative and public argumentation, studies on the use of the term in the media, and the development of indicators such as legal lawsuits statistics or relevance of ''maan tapa'' in various contexts. | Vaasa: Vaasan yliopiston, https://www.univaasa.fi/materiaali/pdf/isbn_978-952- 476-740- 8.pdf</ref>). Therefore, to address its nature, the future research on ''maan tapa'' should include studies of relevant historical lawsuits and their normative and public argumentation, studies on the use of the term in the media, and the development of indicators such as legal lawsuits statistics or relevance of ''maan tapa'' in various contexts. | ||