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Professor of Politics and Society, | Professor of Politics and Society, | ||
University College London | University College London | ||
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'''Newsletter No 4 - 7 August 2016''' | |||
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Dear Authors, | |||
I am writing with an update on the progress of the Global Informality project. | |||
'''Number of entries:''' Under the leadership of Sheelagh Barron, who took over from Anna Bailey in June, the | |||
editorial team has made terrific progress and we are happy to report 163 completed and fully edited | |||
entries. We expect to be able to reach 200 entries in 2017. | |||
'''Online version:''' Since June 2016, the development of the online version has been undertaken by UCL | |||
Digital Humanities interns Yang Liu and Adriana Bastarrachea Santez, to whom we are most grateful for | |||
updating and upgrading the database, and making it searchable. They have run into a number of technical | |||
difficulties with the sheer volume of tagging required for the entries. Yet we are still firmly on course to | |||
launch the online version of the Encyclopaedia in 2017, simultaneously with the publication of the print | |||
version, in order to maximise impact. The website will organize entries alphabetically and have an option | |||
for authors to add keywords. | |||
'''Publication:''' In compliance with the UCL University Press contract, we will be submitting the first volume of | |||
our Encyclopaedia on the 1st of October. Once submitted, it will be sent to reviewers. Subject to positive | |||
reviews, the publication will take place in 2017. We aim to assemble 60 colourful images for the print | |||
volume and are grateful to our Web Wizard Anastasia Shekshnya, who has taken the lead on assembling | |||
the images in a variety of formats for both the print version and the website. | |||
Anastasia has also managed to secure copyright permission to use an image by Pavel Filonov for the cover | |||
of the book. | |||
The complexity of this picture, The Formula of Spring, from the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg, hints at | |||
the number of challenges for the volume: | |||
'''Visualising Invisibility''' | |||
We thank all authors who have taken care (and time) to find images in order to visualise the invisibility of | |||
informality. See some further discussion on invisibility at http://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/ssees/2015/12/ | |||
'''Dealing with complexity''' | |||
You will appreciate that we have undertaken a bottom-up approach to collecting research findings related | |||
to informality. The call for submissions was open and all entries will be included in the online version of the | |||
Encyclopaedia. To select material for the print version in a meaningful way has been perhaps the most | |||
challenging task. We will of course take into consideration suggestions from anonymous reviewers and the | |||
Press. | |||
For now, we have been working in stages. We clustered similar patterns together, asking ourselves ‘what is | |||
this practice the case of?’ and then tried to organize entries according to the differences within the cluster. | |||
The outcome of such bottom-up structuring has been shaping up slowly (the work continues), but I am | |||
happy to report that the structure of the first print volume has emerged and we now have clusters of | |||
entries that we offer for conceptual and comparative analysis (according to the reviewers’ | |||
recommendations I shared with you In Newsletter 3). | |||
The list of conceptual pieces (some of them already commissioned) will include: | |||
'''The FRINGE Series: SOCIAL AND CULTURAL COMPLEXITY''' | |||
'''THE GLOBAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF INFORMALITY: TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL COMPLEXITY.''' | |||
'''PART I REDISTRIBUTION: relationship vs use of relationship'''<br> | |||
'''Substantive ambivalence (gift vs commodity)'''<br> | |||
''Chapter 1'' '''Neither Gift Nor Commodity: The Instrumentality of Sociability''' ''Introduction: Economies of | |||
Favours by'' '''Nicolette Makovicky and David Henig'''<br> | |||
''Conclusion: Managing favours in the global economy???''<br> | |||
''Chapter 2'' '''Neither Gift Nor Payment: The Sociability of Instrumentality''' ''Introduction: Interpretations of gift and reciprocity by '''Florence Weber'''<br> | |||
''Conclusion: Languages of informality by '''Nicolette Makovicky and David Henig''''' | |||
'''PART II MARKET: need vs greed'''<br> | |||
'''Functional ambivalence (supportive vs subversive)'''<br> | |||
''Chapter 3'' '''The System Made Me Do It: Strategies of Survival'''<br> | |||
''Introduction: Conclusion:''<br> | |||
''Chapter 4'' '''Gaming the System: Strategies of Camouflage'''<br> | |||
''Introduction: Gaming the system by '''Phil Hanson''' Conclusion on the Enabling Power of Constraints'' | |||
'''PART III SOLIDARITY: us vs them'''<br> | |||
'''Normative ambivalence (double standards)'''<br> | |||
''Chapter 5'' '''Conformity: The Weakness of Strong Ties'''<br> | |||
''Introduction: '''Eric Gordy''' on the transformation of solidarity, identity politics and traps of belonging''<br> | |||
''Conclusion: Approached Christian Giordano???''<br> | |||
''Chapter 6'' '''Self-Expression: The Innovative Power of Non-Conformity'''<br> | |||
''Introduction on resistance capacity by '''Jan Kubik'''''<br> | |||
''Conclusion: On Us and Them by '''Zygmunt Bauman''''' | |||
'''PART IV DOMINATION: carrots vs sticks'''<br> | |||
'''Motivational ambivalence (public vs private)'''<br> | |||
''Chapter 7'' '''Cooptation: Recruiting Patrons and Clients'''<br> | |||
''Introduction: Carrots vs. sticks in patron-client relationships by '''Paul Heywood'''''<br> | |||
''Conclusion: Informal Governance and Hidden Constitutions by '''Scott Newman'''''<br> | |||
''Chapter 8'' '''Control: Informal Governance'''<br> | |||
''Introduction: Politics of Fear by '''Vladimir Gelman'''''<br> | |||
''Conclusion: '''Klaus Segbers''' Freie Universitat Berlinen'' | |||
This structure allows us to make the print version (also going into the open access online from the date of | |||
publication) distinct from the website. | |||
'''Handling Ambivalence'''<br> | |||
A feature that has come up as the most striking in our collection is the fact that each entry can be related | |||
to almost any structural part, and be characterised by all four types of ambivalence. Looking at our entries | |||
from the comparative perspective has allowed us to identify four types of ambivalence and the role they | |||
play in the blurring of boundaries and grey areas: double think, double deed, double standards and double | |||
purpose are all essential for the workings of informality. | |||
'''Defining Informality'''<br> | |||
Given the cross-discipline and cross-area nature of this project, it will probably be impossible to agree on a | |||
definition of informality agreeable to all. Please let me know if you have good definitions or great texts on | |||
the definition of informality. In the Encyclopaedia, we should probably acknowledge that we are using the | |||
word as an umbrella term for a variety of social and cultural phenomena that are too complex to be | |||
grasped in a single definition. However, to introduce the '''in-formality.com''' website I have come up with the | |||
following paragraph:<br> | |||
We invite you on a voyage of discovery of the world’s open secrets, unwritten rules and hidden practices. | |||
Broadly defined as ‘ways of getting things done,’ these invisible, yet powerful informal practices tend to | |||
escape articulation in official discourse. We have identified unique research on such practices across | |||
disciplines and across areas and created the first Global Map of Informality. The database is searchable by | |||
region, keyword or type of practice. Do explore what works: how, where and why.<br> | |||
Do send me your thoughts and suggestions on the notion, definition, history, or theory of informality. If | |||
you have a favourite citation, author, typology, please do let me know. | |||
'''World Map of Informality:''' The map continues to develop with the increasing number of entries submitted | |||
to the project. Do spread the word – we do need more!<br> | |||
The Informal Practices MA course is likely to further contribute to the map. | |||
'''The FRINGE connection''' | |||
In association with the FRINGE Centre, UCL Press is launching a new series of collective volumes, of which | |||
the Encyclopaedia is likely to be the first. To become a member of FRINGE to receive the Centre’s | |||
newsletter, sign up at http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ssees/fringe-centre. | |||
More on the UCL Press FRINGE series: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ucl-press/series | |||
We look forward to receiving the remaining entries promised for our 1st September deadline. | |||
Thank you for all you help in this tough period before the submission. | |||
Alena | |||
'''Alena Ledeneva'''<br> | |||
Professor of Politics and Society <br>University College London | |||
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