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'''1 Neither gift nor commodity: the instrumentality of sociability''' | '''1 Neither gift nor commodity: the instrumentality of sociability''' | ||
[[Economies_of_favours|Introduction: economies of favours by Nicolette Makovicky and David Henig | [[Economies_of_favours|Introduction: economies of favours]] by Nicolette Makovicky and David Henig | ||
:1.1 [[Blat_(Russia)|Blat]] (Russia) by Alena Ledeneva | :1.1 [[Blat_(Russia)|Blat]] (Russia) by Alena Ledeneva | ||
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:1.21 [[Amici,_amigos_(Mediterranean_and_Latin_America)|Amici, amigos]] (Mediterranean and Latin America) by Christian Giordano | :1.21 [[Amici,_amigos_(Mediterranean_and_Latin_America)|Amici, amigos]] (Mediterranean and Latin America) by Christian Giordano | ||
[[Managing_favours_in_a_global_economy|Conclusion: managing favours in a global economy by Sheila M. Puffer and Daniel J. McCarthy | [[Managing_favours_in_a_global_economy|Conclusion: managing favours in a global economy]] by Sheila M. Puffer and Daniel J. McCarthy | ||
[http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041167/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume.1.pdf#page=142 Bibliography to Chapter 1] | [http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041167/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume.1.pdf#page=142 Bibliography to Chapter 1] | ||
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'''2 Neither gift nor payment: the sociability of instrumentality''' | '''2 Neither gift nor payment: the sociability of instrumentality''' | ||
[[Vernaculars_of_informality|Introduction: vernaculars of informality by Nicolette Makovicky and David Henig | [[Vernaculars_of_informality|Introduction: vernaculars of informality]] by Nicolette Makovicky and David Henig | ||
:2.1 [[Okurimono_No_Shukan_(Japan)|Okurimono no shûkan]] (Japan) by Katherine Rupp | :2.1 [[Okurimono_No_Shukan_(Japan)|Okurimono no shûkan]] (Japan) by Katherine Rupp | ||
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:2.21 [[Dash_(Nigeria)|Dash]] (Nigeria and other West African countries) by Daniel Jordan Smith | :2.21 [[Dash_(Nigeria)|Dash]] (Nigeria and other West African countries) by Daniel Jordan Smith | ||
[['Interested'_vs_'Distinterested'_Giving:_Defining_Extortion,_Reciprocity_and_Pure_Gifts_in_the_Connected_Worlds|Conclusion: ‘interested’ vs ‘disinterested’ giving: defining extortion, reciprocity and pure gifts in the connected worlds by Florence Weber | [['Interested'_vs_'Distinterested'_Giving:_Defining_Extortion,_Reciprocity_and_Pure_Gifts_in_the_Connected_Worlds|Conclusion: ‘interested’ vs ‘disinterested’ giving: defining extortion, reciprocity and pure gifts in the connected worlds]] by Florence Weber | ||
[http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041167/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume.1.pdf#page=232 Bibliography to Chapter 2] | [http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041167/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume.1.pdf#page=232 Bibliography to Chapter 2] | ||
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'''3 Conformity: the lock-in effect of social ties''' | '''3 Conformity: the lock-in effect of social ties''' | ||
[[Group_identity_and_the_ambivalence_of_norms|Introduction: group identity and the ambivalence of norms by Eric Gordy | [[Group_identity_and_the_ambivalence_of_norms|Introduction: group identity and the ambivalence of norms]] by Eric Gordy | ||
Kinship lock-in | Kinship lock-in | ||
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:3.28 [[Futbolna_frakcia_(Bulgaria)|Futbolna frakcia]] (Bulgaria) by Kremena Iordanova | :3.28 [[Futbolna_frakcia_(Bulgaria)|Futbolna frakcia]] (Bulgaria) by Kremena Iordanova | ||
[[Organic_solidarity_and_informality|Conclusion: organic solidarity and informality – two irreconcilable concepts? by Christian Giordano | [[Organic_solidarity_and_informality|Conclusion: organic solidarity and informality – two irreconcilable concepts?]] by Christian Giordano | ||
[http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041167/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume.1.pdf#page=350 Bibliography to Chapter 3] | [http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041167/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume.1.pdf#page=350 Bibliography to Chapter 3] | ||
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'''4 The unlocking power of non-conformity: cultural resistance vs political opposition''' | '''4 The unlocking power of non-conformity: cultural resistance vs political opposition''' | ||
[[The grey zones between cultural and political|Introduction: the grey zones between cultural and political by Peter Zusi | [[The grey zones between cultural and political|Introduction: the grey zones between cultural and political]] by Peter Zusi | ||
:4.1 [[Artistic_repossession_(USSR)|Artistic repossession]] (general) by Christina Ezrahi | :4.1 [[Artistic_repossession_(USSR)|Artistic repossession]] (general) by Christina Ezrahi | ||
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:4.10 [[Hacktivism_(Global)|Hacktivism]] (general) by Alex Gekker | :4.10 [[Hacktivism_(Global)|Hacktivism]] (general) by Alex Gekker | ||
[[Ambiguities of accommodation|Conclusion: ambiguities of accommodation, resistance and rebellion by Jan Kubik | [[Ambiguities of accommodation|Conclusion: ambiguities of accommodation, resistance and rebellion]] by Jan Kubik | ||
[http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041167/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume.1.pdf#page=410 Bibliography to Chapter 4] | [http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041167/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume.1.pdf#page=410 Bibliography to Chapter 4] | ||
[[What is old and what is new in the dialectic of 'us' and 'them'?|Concluding remarks to Volume 1: what is old and what is new in the dialectics of ‘us’ and ‘them’? Zygmunt Bauman | [[What is old and what is new in the dialectic of 'us' and 'them'?|Concluding remarks to Volume 1: what is old and what is new in the dialectics of ‘us’ and ‘them’?]] by Zygmunt Bauman | ||
Glossary | Glossary | ||
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'''Part 3: Market''' | '''Part 3: Market''' | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | ||
The functional ambivalence of informal strategies: supportive or subversive? | '''The functional ambivalence of informal strategies: supportive or subversive?''' | ||
Preface by Alena Ledeneva | [[:Category:Functional|Preface by Alena Ledeneva]] | ||
The system made me do it: strategies of survival | '''5 The system made me do it: strategies of survival''' | ||
Introduction: the puzzles of informal economy by Colin Marx | [[The puzzles of informal economy|Introduction: the puzzles of informal economy]] by Colin Marx | ||
Informal dwelling | |||
5. | :5.1 [[Squatting_(Global)|Squatting]] by Jovana Dikovic | ||
5. | :5.2 [[Schwarzwohnen_(GDR)|Schwarzwohnen]] (GDR) by Udo Grashoff | ||
5. | :5.3 [[Kraken_(Netherlands)|Kraken]] (The Netherlands) by Hans Pruijt | ||
5. | :5.4 [[Allegados_(Chile)|Allegados]] (Chile) by Ignacia Ossul | ||
5. | :5.5 [[Favela_(Brazil)|Favela]] (Brazil) by Marta-Laura Suska | ||
5. | :5.6 [[Campamento_(Chile)|Campamento]] (Chile) by Armando Caroca Fernandez | ||
5.8 [[Dacha_(Russia)|Dacha]] (Russia) by Stephen Lovell | :5.7 [[Mukhayyam_(Occupied_Palestinian_Territories)|Mukhayyam]] (occupied Palestinian territories and neighbouring Arab countries) by Lorenzo Navone and Federico Rahola | ||
:5.8 [[Dacha_(Russia)|Dacha]] (Russia) by Stephen Lovell | |||
Informal welfare | Informal welfare | ||
5.9 [[Pabirčenje_(Serbia,_Croatia_and_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)|Pabirčiti (or pabirčenje)]] (Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina) by Jovana Dikovic | :5.9 [[Pabirčenje_(Serbia,_Croatia_and_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)|Pabirčiti (or pabirčenje)]] (Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina) by Jovana Dikovic | ||
:5.10 [[Skipping_(England)|Skipping]] (general) by Giovanna Capponi | |||
:5.11 [[Caffè_sospeso_(Italy)|Caffè sospeso]] (Italy) by Paolo Mancini | |||
5. | :5.12 [[Gap_(Uzbekistan)|Gap]] (Uzbekistan) by Timur Alexandrov | ||
5. | :5.13 [[Pomochi_(Russia)|Pomochi]] (Russia) by Irina V. Davydova | ||
5. | :5.14 [[Nachbarschaftshilfe_(Germany)|Nachbarschaftshilfe]] (Germany and German-speaking countries) by Roland Arbesleitner | ||
5. | :5.15 [[Sosyudad_(Philippines)|Sosyudad]] (Philippines) by Ramon Felipe A. Sarmiento | ||
5. | :5.16 [[Vay_mượn_(Vietnam)|Vay mượn]] (Vietnam) by Abel Polese | ||
5. | :5.17 [[Loteria_(Albania)|Loteria / Lloteria]] (Albania) by Drini Imami, Abel Polese and Klodjan Rama | ||
5. | :5.18 [[Esusu_(Nigeria)|Esusu]] (Nigeria) by Evans Osabuohien and Oluyomi Ola-David | ||
5. | :5.19 [[Mahallah_(Uzbekistan)|Mahalla]] (Uzbekistan) by Rustamjon Urinboyev | ||
5. | :5.20 [[Tandas_and_cundinas_(Mexico_and_south-western_USA)|Tandas and cundinas]] (Mexico and south-western USA) by Carlos G. Vélez-Ibáñez | ||
5. | :5.21 [[Salam_Credit_(Afghanistan)|Salam credit]] (Afghanistan) by James McLeod-Hatch | ||
5. | :5.22 [[Obshchak_(Russia)|Obshchak]] (Russia) by Gavin Slade 80 | ||
Informal entrepreneurship | |||
5. | :5.23 [[Zarobitchanstvo_(Ukraine)|Zarobitchanstvo]] (Ukraine) by Alissa Tolstokorova | ||
5. | :5.24 [[Rad_na_crno_(Serbia)|Rad na crno]] (Serbia) by Kosovka Ognjenović | ||
5. | :5.25 [[Small-scale_smuggling_(Global)|Small-scale smuggling]] (general) by Bettina Bruns | ||
5. | :5.26 [[Chelnoki_(Russia_and_FSU)|Chelnoki]] (Russia and FSU) by Anna Cieślewska | ||
5. | :5.27 [[Spaza_(South_Africa)|Spaza shops]] (South Africa) by Vanya Gastrow | ||
5. | :5.28 [[Shebeens_(South_Africa)|Shebeens]] (South Africa) by Nicolette Peters | ||
5. | :5.29 [[Samogonovareniye_(Russia_and_FSU)|Samogonovarenie]] (Russia) by Mark Lawrence Schrad | ||
5. | :5.30 [[Buôn_có_bạn,_bán_có_phường_(Vietnam)|Buôn có bạn, bán có phường]] (Vietnam) by Abel Polese | ||
5. | :5.31 [[Chợ_cóc_(Socialist_Republic_of_Vietnam)|Chợ cóc]] (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) by Gertrud Hüwelmeier | ||
5. | :5.32 [[Rod-re_(Thailand)|Rod-re]] (Thailand) by Kisnaphol Wattanawanyoo 114 | ||
5. | :5.33 [[Boda-boda_(Uganda)|Boda-boda taxis]] (Uganda) by Tom Goodfellow | ||
5. | :5.34 [[Stoyanshik_(Georgia)|Stoyanshiki]] (Georgia) by Lela Rekhviashvili | ||
5. | :5.35 [[Baraholka_(Kazakhstan)|Baraholka]] (Kazakhstan) by Dena Sholk | ||
5. | :5.36 [[Budženje_(Serbia,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina,_Montenegro_and_Croatia)|Budženje]] (Serbia) by Marko Zivković | ||
5. | :5.37 [[Jugaad_(India)|Jugaad]] (India) by Shahana Chattaraj | ||
5. | :5.38 [[Jangmadang_(North_Korea)|Jangmadang]] (North Korea) by Sokeel Park and James Pearson | ||
5. | :5.39 [[Informal_mining_(Global)|Informal mining]] (general) by Alvin A. Camba | ||
5. | :5.40 [[Hawala_(Middle_East,_India_and_Pakistan)|Hawala]] (Middle East, India and Pakistan) by Nauman Farooqi | ||
5. | :5.41 [[Bitcoin_(Global)|Bitcoin]] (general) by Jean-Philippe Vergne and Gautam Swain 1 | ||
[[How do tools of evasion become instruments of exploitation|Conclusion: how do tools of evasion become instruments of exploitation?]] by Scott Radnitz | |||
[http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041172/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume-2.pdf#page=187 Bibliography to Chapter 5] | |||
Gaming the system: strategies of camouflage | '''6 Gaming the system: strategies of camouflage''' | ||
Introduction: gaming the system by Philip Hanson | [[Gaming the system|Introduction: gaming the system]] by Philip Hanson | ||
Free-riding (staying under or over the radar) | Free-riding (staying under or over the radar) | ||
6.1 [[Cash-in-hand_(United_Kingdom)|Cash in hand]] (general) by Colin C. Williams | :6.1 [[Cash-in-hand_(United_Kingdom)|Cash in hand]] (general) by Colin C. Williams | ||
6.2 [[Blat_(Romania)|Blat]] (Romania) by Marius Wamsiedel | :6.2 [[Blat_(Romania)|Blat]] (Romania) by Marius Wamsiedel | ||
6.3 [[Švercovanje_(Serbia)|Švercovanje]] (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro) by Ivana Spasić | :6.3 [[Švercovanje_(Serbia)|Švercovanje]] (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro) by Ivana Spasić | ||
6.4 [[Deryban_(Ukraine_and_Russia)|Deryban]] (Ukraine, Russia) by Olga Kesarchuk | :6.4 [[Deryban_(Ukraine_and_Russia)|Deryban]] (Ukraine, Russia) by Olga Kesarchuk | ||
6.5 [[Fimi_Media_(Croatia)|Fimi Media]] (Croatia) by Ružica Šimić Banović | :6.5 [[Fimi_Media_(Croatia)|Fimi Media]] (Croatia) by Ružica Šimić Banović | ||
6.6 [[Tangentopoli_(Italy)|Tangentopoli]] (Italy) by Liliana Onorato | :6.6 [[Tangentopoli_(Italy)|Tangentopoli]] (Italy) by Liliana Onorato | ||
Intermediation (partial compliance with the rules by creating invisibility) | Intermediation (partial compliance with the rules by creating invisibility) | ||
6.7 [[Brokerage_(Global)|Brokerage]] (general) by David Jancsics | :6.7 [[Brokerage_(Global)|Brokerage]] (general) by David Jancsics | ||
6.8 [[Wasta_(Middle_East_and_North_Africa)|Wāsṭa]] (Middle East, North Africa) by James Redman | :6.8 [[Wasta_(Middle_East_and_North_Africa)|Wāsṭa]] (Middle East, North Africa) by James Redman | ||
6.9 [[Dalali_(India)|Dalali]] (India) by Nicolas Martin | :6.9 [[Dalali_(India)|Dalali]] (India) by Nicolas Martin | ||
6.10 [[Torpil_(Turkey)|Torpil]] (Turkey) by Onur Yay | :6.10 [[Torpil_(Turkey)|Torpil]] (Turkey) by Onur Yay | ||
6.11 [[Gestión_(Mexico)|Gestión]] (Mexico) by Tina Hilgers | :6.11 [[Gestión_(Mexico)|Gestión]] (Mexico) by Tina Hilgers | ||
6.12 [[Pulling_strings_(UK_and_USA)|Pulling strings]] (UK/USA) by Peter B. Smith | :6.12 [[Pulling_strings_(UK_and_USA)|Pulling strings]] (UK/USA) by Peter B. Smith | ||
6.13 [[Kombinacja_(Poland)|Kombinacja]] (Poland) (alt. kombinacya, kombinowanie, kombinować) by Edyta Materka | :6.13 [[Kombinacja_(Poland)|Kombinacja]] (Poland) (alt. kombinacya, kombinowanie, kombinować) by Edyta Materka | ||
6.14 [[S_vrutka_(Bulgaria)|S vrutka]] (Bulgaria) by Lora Koycheva | :6.14 [[S_vrutka_(Bulgaria)|S vrutka]] (Bulgaria) by Lora Koycheva | ||
6.15 [[Raccomandazione_(Italy)|Raccomandazione]] (Italy) by Dorothy L. Zinn | :6.15 [[Raccomandazione_(Italy)|Raccomandazione]] (Italy) by Dorothy L. Zinn | ||
6.16 [[Insider_trading_(Global)|Insider trading]] (USA/general) by Ilja Viktorov | :6.16 [[Insider_trading_(Global)|Insider trading]] (USA/general) by Ilja Viktorov | ||
6.17 [[Externe_Personen_(Germany)|Externe Personen]] (Germany) by Andreas Maisch | :6.17 [[Externe_Personen_(Germany)|Externe Personen]] (Germany) by Andreas Maisch | ||
6.18 [[Pantouflage,_corpsards_(France)|Pantouflage]] (France) by Frédérique Alexandre-Bailly and Maral Muratbekova-Touron | :6.18 [[Pantouflage,_corpsards_(France)|Pantouflage]] (France) by Frédérique Alexandre-Bailly and Maral Muratbekova-Touron | ||
6.19 [[Stróman_(Hungary)|Stróman]] (Hungary) by David Jancsics | :6.19 [[Stróman_(Hungary)|Stróman]] (Hungary) by David Jancsics | ||
6.20 [[Benāmi_(India)|Benāmi]] (India) by Kalindi Kokal | :6.20 [[Benāmi_(India)|Benāmi]] (India) by Kalindi Kokal | ||
6.21 [[No_Entry_(India)|No entry]] (India) by Nikhilesh Sinha and Indivar Jonnalagadda | :6.21 [[No_Entry_(India)|No entry]] (India) by Nikhilesh Sinha and Indivar Jonnalagadda | ||
6.22 [[Repetitorstvo_(Russia_and_FSU)|Repetitorstvo]] (Russia and FSU) by Eduard Klein | :6.22 [[Repetitorstvo_(Russia_and_FSU)|Repetitorstvo]] (Russia and FSU) by Eduard Klein | ||
6.23 [[Krysha_(Russia,_Ukraine,_Belarus)|Krysha]] (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus) by Yulia Zabyelina and Anna Buzhor | :6.23 [[Krysha_(Russia,_Ukraine,_Belarus)|Krysha]] (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus) by Yulia Zabyelina and Anna Buzhor | ||
Creating façades (partial compliance with the rules by visible camouflage) | Creating façades (partial compliance with the rules by visible camouflage) | ||
6.24 [[Window_dressing_(Global)|Window dressing]] (general) by David Leung | :6.24 [[Window_dressing_(Global)|Window dressing]] (general) by David Leung | ||
6.25 [[Pripiski_(USSR)|Pripiski]] (Russia) by Mark Harrison | :6.25 [[Pripiski_(USSR)|Pripiski]] (Russia) by Mark Harrison | ||
6.26 [[Kupona_(Kosovo)|Kupona]] (Kosovo) by Arianit Tolaj | :6.26 [[Kupona_(Kosovo)|Kupona]] (Kosovo) by Arianit Tolaj | ||
6.27 [[Alga_aploksnē_(Latvia)|Alga aploksnē]] (Latvia) by Klāvs Sedlenieks | :6.27 [[Alga_aploksnē_(Latvia)|Alga aploksnē]] (Latvia) by Klāvs Sedlenieks | ||
6.28 [[Vzaimnyi_zachet_(Russia)|Vzaimozachety]] (Russia) by Caroline Dufy | :6.28 [[Vzaimnyi_zachet_(Russia)|Vzaimozachety]] (Russia) by Caroline Dufy | ||
6.29 [[Otkat_(Russia)|Otkat]] (Russia) by Alexandra Vasileva | :6.29 [[Otkat_(Russia)|Otkat]] (Russia) by Alexandra Vasileva | ||
6.30 [[Potemkin_village_(Russia)|Potemkin villages]] (Russia) by Jessica T. Pisano | :6.30 [[Potemkin_village_(Russia)|Potemkin villages]] (Russia) by Jessica T. Pisano | ||
6.31 [[Astroturfing_(Global)|Astroturfing]] (USA/UK) by Anna Bailey and Sergei Samoilenko | :6.31 [[Astroturfing_(Global)|Astroturfing]] (USA/UK) by Anna Bailey and Sergei Samoilenko | ||
6.32 [[Dzhinsa_(Russia_and_FSU)|Dzhinsa]] (Russia) by Françoise Daucé | :6.32 [[Dzhinsa_(Russia_and_FSU)|Dzhinsa]] (Russia) by Françoise Daucé | ||
6.33 [[Shpargalka_(Russia)|Shpargalka]] (Russia) by Elena Denisova-Schmidt | :6.33 [[Shpargalka_(Russia)|Shpargalka]] (Russia) by Elena Denisova-Schmidt | ||
6.34 [[Pyramid_schemes_(Global)|Pyramid schemes]] (general) by Leonie Schiffauer | :6.34 [[Pyramid_schemes_(Global)|Pyramid schemes]] (general) by Leonie Schiffauer | ||
Playing the letter of the rules against their spirit | Playing the letter of the rules against their spirit | ||
6.35 [[Flipping_(United_Kingdom)|Flipping]] (UK) by Jonathan Webb | :6.35 [[Flipping_(United_Kingdom)|Flipping]] (UK) by Jonathan Webb | ||
:6.36 [[Reiderstvo_(Russia)|Reiderstvo]] (Russia and FSU) by Michael Mesquita | |||
6. | :6.37 [[Zakaznoe_bankrotstvo_(Russia)|Zakaznoe bankrotstvo]] (Russia) by Yuko Adachi | ||
6. | :6.38 [[Dangou_(Japan)|Dangou/Dango]] (Japan) by Shuwei Qian | ||
6. | :6.39 [[Vzyatkoemkost_(Russia_and_FSU)|Vzyatkoemkost’]] (Russia) by Christian Timm | ||
[[Methods of researching part-time crime and illicit economic activity|Conclusion: methods of researching part-time crime and illicit economic activity]] by Gerald Mars | |||
[http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041172/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume-2.pdf#page=348 Bibliography to Chapter 6] | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
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'''Part 4: Domination''' | '''Part 4: Domination''' | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | ||
'''The motivational ambivalence: the blurring of the public and the private in the workings of informal power''' | |||
[[:Category:Motivational|Preface by Alena Ledeneva]] | |||
'''7 Co-optation: recruiting clients and patrons''' | |||
[[Carrots versus sticks in patron–client networks|Introduction: carrots versus sticks in patron–client networks]] by Paul M. Heywood | |||
7 | :7.1 [[Kormlenie]] (Russia) by Sergei Bogatyrev | ||
:7.2 [[Kula]] (Tanzania) by Richard Faustine Sambaiga | |||
7. | :7.3 [[Old corruption]] (UK historical) by William Rubinstein | ||
7. | :7.4 [[Political_machineries|Political machineries]] (USA historical) by Fran Osrecki | ||
7. | :7.5 [[Seilschaft]] (Germany) by Dieter Zinnbauer | ||
7. | :7.6 [[Parteibuchwirtschaft]] (Austria and Germany) by Roland Arbesleitner | ||
7. | :7.7 [[Tazkia]] (Iraqi Kurdistan) by Hemn Namiq Jameel | ||
7. | :7.8 [[Uhljeb]] (Croatia) by Ružica Šimić Banović | ||
7. | :7.9 [[Trafika]] (Czech Republic) by Alzbeta Semsch | ||
7. | :7.10 [[Padrino_System|Padrino system/balimbing]] (Philippines) by Pak Nung Wong and Kristine A. Joyce Lara-de-Leon | ||
7. | :7.11 [[Mafia_Raj|Mafia Raj/Goonda Raj]] (India/South Asia) by Lucia Michelutti | ||
7. | :7.12 [[Pork_barreling|Pork barreling]] (USA) by Andrew H. Sidman | ||
7. | :7.13 Tamozhenniye l’goty (Russia) by Anna Bailey | ||
7. | :7.14 [[Kumoterstwo_and_kolesiostwo|Kumoterstwo and kolesiostwo]] (Poland) by Piotr Koryś and Maciej Tymiński | ||
7. | :7.15 [[Quàn_jiǔ|Quàn jiǔ]] (China) by Nan Zhao | ||
7. | :7.16 [[Sadghegrdzelo_(toast)|Sadghegrdzelo]] (Georgia) by Florian Müehlfried | ||
7. | :7.17 [[Goudui_and_Yingchou|Goudui and Yingchou]] (China) by John Osburg | ||
[[Do patron–client relationships affect complex societies|Conclusion: do patron–client relationships affect complex societies?]] by Elena Semenova | |||
[http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041172/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume-2.pdf#page=440 Bibliography to Chapter 7] | |||
8 Control: instruments of informal governance | '''8 Control: instruments of informal governance''' | ||
Introduction: politics of fear by Vladimir Gelman | [[Politics of fear|Introduction: politics of fear]] by Vladimir Gelman | ||
8.1 [[Brodiazhnichestvo]] (Russia) by Sheila Fitzpatrick with Sheelagh Barron | :8.1 [[Brodiazhnichestvo]] (Russia) by Sheila Fitzpatrick with Sheelagh Barron | ||
8.2 [[Songbun]] (North Korea) by James Pearson and Daniel Tudor | :8.2 [[Songbun]] (North Korea) by James Pearson and Daniel Tudor | ||
8.3 [[Dirt_book|Dirt book]] (UK) by Anna Bailey | :8.3 [[Dirt_book|Dirt book]] (UK) by Anna Bailey | ||
8.4 [[Kompromat]] (Russia) by Michael Mesquita | :8.4 [[Kompromat]] (Russia) by Michael Mesquita | ||
8.5 [[Chernukha]] (Russia) by Ilya Yablokov and Nadezhda Dreval | :8.5 [[Chernukha]] (Russia) by Ilya Yablokov and Nadezhda Dreval | ||
8.6 [[Character_assassination|Character assassination]] (general) by Sergei Samoilenko, Eric Shiraev, Jennifer Keohane and Martijn Icks | :8.6 [[Character_assassination|Character assassination]] (general) by Sergei Samoilenko, Eric Shiraev, Jennifer Keohane and Martijn Icks | ||
8.7 [[Psikhushka]] (USSR) by Robert van Voren | :8.7 [[Psikhushka]] (USSR) by Robert van Voren | ||
8.8 [[Psikhushka_(Russia）|Psikhushka]] (Russia) by Madeline Roache | :8.8 [[Psikhushka_(Russia）|Psikhushka]] (Russia) by Madeline Roache | ||
8.9 [[Zersetzung]] (GDR) by Udo Grashoff | :8.9 [[Zersetzung]] (GDR) by Udo Grashoff | ||
8.10 [[Smotryashchie,_kuratory|Smotryashchie, kuratory]] (Russia, Ukraine) by Andrew Wilson | :8.10 [[Smotryashchie,_kuratory|Smotryashchie, kuratory]] (Russia, Ukraine) by Andrew Wilson | ||
8.11 [[Telefonnoe_pravo|Telefonnoe pravo]] (Russia) by Alena Ledeneva with Ružica Šimić Banović and Costanza Curro | :8.11 [[Telefonnoe_pravo|Telefonnoe pravo]] (Russia) by Alena Ledeneva with Ružica Šimić Banović and Costanza Curro | ||
8.12 Tsartsaani nüüdel (Mongolia) by Liz Fox | :8.12 Tsartsaani nüüdel (Mongolia) by Liz Fox | ||
8.13 Vertical crowdsourcing (Russia) by Gregory Asmolov | :8.13 Vertical crowdsourcing (Russia) by Gregory Asmolov | ||
8.14 [[Cyberattack_(Political)|Cyberattacks by semi-state actors]] (general) by Alistair Faulkner | :8.14 [[Cyberattack_(Political)|Cyberattacks by semi-state actors]] (general) by Alistair Faulkner | ||
8.15 Khokkeynaya diplomatiya (Russia) by Yoshiko M. Herrera and Yuval Weber | :8.15 Khokkeynaya diplomatiya (Russia) by Yoshiko M. Herrera and Yuval Weber | ||
Conclusion: when do informal practices turn into informal institutions? Informal constitutions and informal ‘meta-rules’ by Scott Newton | [[Informal constitutions and informal meta-rules|Conclusion: when do informal practices turn into informal institutions? Informal constitutions and informal ‘meta-rules’]] by Scott Newton | ||
Bibliography to Chapter 8 | [http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041172/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume-2.pdf#page=509 Bibliography to Chapter 8] | ||
Concluding remarks to Volume 2: are some countries more informal than others? The case of Russia Svetlana Baruskova and Alena Ledeneva | [[Are some countries more informal than others? The case of Russia|Concluding remarks to Volume 2: are some countries more informal than others? The case of Russia]] by Svetlana Baruskova and Alena Ledeneva | ||
Index | Index | ||