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[http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041172/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume-2.pdf#page=379 Introduction: carrots versus sticks in patron–client networks] by Paul M. Heywood | [http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041172/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume-2.pdf#page=379 Introduction: carrots versus sticks in patron–client networks] by Paul M. Heywood | ||
:7.1 [[Kormlenie]] (Russia) by Sergei Bogatyrev | :7.1 [[Kormlenie (Pre-Soviet Russia)|Kormlenie]] (Russia) by Sergei Bogatyrev | ||
:7.2 [[Kula]] (Tanzania) by Richard Faustine Sambaiga | :7.2 [[Kula (Tanzania)|Kula]] (Tanzania) by Richard Faustine Sambaiga | ||
:7.3 [[Old corruption]] (UK historical) by William Rubinstein | :7.3 [[Old Corruption (United Kingdom)|Old corruption]] (UK historical) by William Rubinstein | ||
:7.4 [[ | :7.4 [[Political machineries (USA)|Political machineries]] (USA historical) by Fran Osrecki | ||
:7.5 [[Seilschaft]] (Germany) by Dieter Zinnbauer | :7.5 [[Seilschaft (Germany)|Seilschaft]] (Germany) by Dieter Zinnbauer | ||
:7.6 [[Parteibuchwirtschaft]] (Austria and Germany) by Roland Arbesleitner | :7.6 [[Parteibuchwirtschaft (Austria and Germany)|Parteibuchwirtschaft]] (Austria and Germany) by Roland Arbesleitner | ||
:7.7 [[Tazkia]] (Iraqi Kurdistan) by Hemn Namiq Jameel | :7.7 [[Tazkia (Kurdistan Region of Iraq)|Tazkia]] (Iraqi Kurdistan) by Hemn Namiq Jameel | ||
:7.8 [[Uhljeb]] (Croatia) by Ružica Šimić Banović | :7.8 [[Uhljeb (Croatia)|Uhljeb]] (Croatia) by Ružica Šimić Banović | ||
:7.9 [[Trafika]] (Czech Republic) by Alzbeta Semsch | :7.9 [[Trafika (Czech Republic and Slovakia)|Trafika]] (Czech Republic) by Alzbeta Semsch | ||
:7.10 [[ | :7.10 [[Padrino System (Philippines)|Padrino system/balimbing]] (Philippines) by Pak Nung Wong and Kristine A. Joyce Lara-de-Leon | ||
:7.11 [[ | :7.11 [[Mafia Raj (India)|Mafia Raj/Goonda Raj]] (India/South Asia) by Lucia Michelutti | ||
:7.12 [[ | :7.12 [[Pork barreling (USA)|Pork barreling]] (USA) by Andrew H. Sidman | ||
:7.13 [[Tamozhenniye l’goty]] (Russia) by Anna Bailey | :7.13 [[Tamozhenniye l'goti (Russia)|Tamozhenniye l’goty]] (Russia) by Anna Bailey | ||
:7.14 [[ | :7.14 [[Kumoterstwo and kolesiostwo (Poland)|Kumoterstwo and kolesiostwo]] (Poland) by Piotr Koryś and Maciej Tymiński | ||
:7.15 [[ | :7.15 [[Quàn jiǔ (China)|Quàn jiǔ]] (China) by Nan Zhao | ||
:7.16 [[ | :7.16 [[Sadghegrdzelo (Georgia)|Sadghegrdzelo]] (Georgia) by Florian Müehlfried | ||
:7.17 [[ | :7.17 [[Goudui and Yingchou (China)|Goudui and Yingchou]] (China) by John Osburg | ||
[http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041172/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume-2.pdf#page=435 Conclusion: do patron–client relationships affect complex societies?] by Elena Semenova | [http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041172/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume-2.pdf#page=435 Conclusion: do patron–client relationships affect complex societies?] by Elena Semenova | ||
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[http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041172/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume-2.pdf#page=452 Introduction: politics of fear] by Vladimir Gelman | [http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041172/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume-2.pdf#page=452 Introduction: politics of fear] by Vladimir Gelman | ||
:8.1 [[Brodiazhnichestvo]] (Russia) by Sheila Fitzpatrick with Sheelagh Barron | :8.1 [[Brodiazhnichestvo (USSR)|Brodiazhnichestvo]] (Russia) by Sheila Fitzpatrick with Sheelagh Barron | ||
:8.2 [[Songbun]] (North Korea) by James Pearson and Daniel Tudor | :8.2 [[Songbun (North Korea)|Songbun]] (North Korea) by James Pearson and Daniel Tudor | ||
:8.3 [[ | :8.3 [[Dirt book (United Kingdom)|Dirt book]] (UK) by Anna Bailey | ||
:8.4 [[Kompromat]] (Russia) by Michael Mesquita | :8.4 [[Kompromat (FSU)|Kompromat]] (Russia) by Michael Mesquita | ||
:8.5 [[Chernukha]] (Russia) by Ilya Yablokov and Nadezhda Dreval | :8.5 [[Chernukha (Russia)|Chernukha]] (Russia) by Ilya Yablokov and Nadezhda Dreval | ||
:8.6 [[ | :8.6 [[Character assassination (Global)|Character assassination]] (general) by Sergei Samoilenko, Eric Shiraev, Jennifer Keohane and Martijn Icks | ||
:8.7 [[Psikhushka]] (USSR) by Robert van Voren | :8.7 [[Psikhushka (FSU)|Psikhushka]] (USSR) by Robert van Voren | ||
:8.8 [[ | :8.8 [[Psikhushka (Russia)|Psikhushka]] (Russia) by Madeline Roache | ||
:8.9 [[Zersetzung]] (GDR) by Udo Grashoff | :8.9 [[Zersetzung (GDR)|Zersetzung]] (GDR) by Udo Grashoff | ||
:8.10 [[Smotryashchie, | :8.10 [[Smotryashchie, kuratory (Russia)|Smotryashchie, kuratory]] (Russia, Ukraine) by Andrew Wilson | ||
:8.11 [[ | :8.11 [[Telefonnoe pravo (Russia)|Telefonnoe pravo]] (Russia) by Alena Ledeneva with Ružica Šimić Banović and Costanza Curro | ||
:8.12 [[Tsartsaani nüüdel]] (Mongolia) by Liz Fox | :8.12 [[Tsartsaani Nüüdel (Mongolia)|Tsartsaani nüüdel]] (Mongolia) by Liz Fox | ||
:8.13 [[Vertical crowdsourcing]] (Russia) by Gregory Asmolov | :8.13 [[Vertical Crowdsourcing (Russia)|Vertical crowdsourcing]] (Russia) by Gregory Asmolov | ||
:8.14 [[ | :8.14 [[Cyberattack (Political)|Cyberattacks by semi-state actors]] (general) by Alistair Faulkner | ||
:8.15 [[Khokkeynaya diplomatiya]] (Russia) by Yoshiko M. Herrera and Yuval Weber | :8.15 [[Khokkeynaya diplomatiya (Russia)|Khokkeynaya diplomatiya]] (Russia) by Yoshiko M. Herrera and Yuval Weber | ||
[http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041172/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume-2.pdf#page=506 Conclusion: when do informal practices turn into informal institutions? Informal constitutions and informal ‘meta-rules’] by Scott Newton | [http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041172/1/The-Global-Encyclopaedia-of-Informality-Volume-2.pdf#page=506 Conclusion: when do informal practices turn into informal institutions? Informal constitutions and informal ‘meta-rules’] by Scott Newton | ||