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{{infobox | {{infobox | ||
| nameofpractice =Adat | |||
| flagemoji = | |||
| definition =System of Chechen customary laws and norms practiced in the North Caucasus amongst ethnic Vainakh and the diaspora | |||
| location =Chechnya | |||
| imagemap =Chechnya map.png | |||
| cluster = | |||
[[:Cluster:Solidarity|Solidarity]] | |||
| categories = | |||
[[:Category:Chechnya|Chechnya]] – [[:Category: Russia| Russia]] – [[:Category: Caucasus| Caucasus]] – [[:Category: Custom law| Custom law]] – [[:Category: Ethnicity| Ethnicity]] – [[:Category: Diaspora| Diaspora]] | |||
| authorofpiece =Nicolè M. Ford | |||
| authorinstitution =Unaffiliated scholar | |||
| authorwebsite =[http://ut.academia.edu/NicoleFord Profile page at UT]}} | |||
<big>'''By Nicolè M. Ford , Unaffiliated scholar'''</big> | |||
[[Category:Chechnya]] | |||
[[Category: Russia]] | |||
[[Category: Caucasus]] | |||
[[Category: Custom law]] | |||
[[Category: Ethnicity]] | |||
[[Category: Diaspora]] | |||
[[Category:Entry]] | |||
[[Category: Volume 1]] | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
|style="font-size:1.1em;"| ''Adat'' is a term used to describe a system of Chechen customary laws and norms practiced in the North Caucasus amongst ethnic ''Vainakh'' and the diaspora. Although variations of the practice exist between different clans, in essence ''adat'' encapsulates what it means to be Chechen (''nokhchalla''). Heroic tales of war and the struggle for independence are an inseparable part of Chechen culture (Johnson 2008). ''Adat'' traditions influence several aspects of social life and inform practices of hospitality, relations between men and women, and the custom of [[blood revenge]] ([[ch'ir]] – see entry in this volume). While today Chechens feel their Chechen-ness and ''adat'' are under attack by Wahhabist influences and the power of Russian rule, ''adat'' remains paramount in defining Chechen social and cultural norms (Souleimanov 2015<ref>Souleimanov, E. 2014. An ethnography of counterinsurgency: kadyrovtsy and Russia's policy of Chechenization. Post-Soviet Affairs, 31(2): 91–114</ref>, Gendron 2009<ref>Gendron, R. 2009. ‘Alternative Dispute Resolution in the North Caucasus’, Caucasian Review of International Affairs, 3(4): 333–341.</ref>). | |||
|} | |||
The ''Vainakh'', the ancient natives of the Caucasus, were pagan, probably Zoroastrian peoples whose religion centered on family and worship of ancestors (Cremer 2012: 198<ref>Cremer, M. 2012. ‘The Instrumentalisation of Religious Beliefs and Adat Customary | The ''Vainakh'', the ancient natives of the Caucasus, were pagan, probably Zoroastrian peoples whose religion centered on family and worship of ancestors (Cremer 2012: 198<ref>Cremer, M. 2012. ‘The Instrumentalisation of Religious Beliefs and Adat Customary | ||
Laws in Chechnya’ in G. Pickel (ed.), Transformations of religiosity: Religion and | Laws in Chechnya’ in G. Pickel (ed.), Transformations of religiosity: Religion and | ||
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Examples of ''adat'' are found both in film and literature. Films in which ''adat'' is shown include ''Kavkazskaia Plennitsa'' (1966) and ''Prisoner of the Mountains'' (1996). In literature, famous examples include Lermontov’s description of ''adat'' practices in ''A Hero of Our Time'' (1841) and the portrayal of society in Tolstoy’s Hadji Murat (1912). | Examples of ''adat'' are found both in film and literature. Films in which ''adat'' is shown include ''Kavkazskaia Plennitsa'' (1966) and ''Prisoner of the Mountains'' (1996). In literature, famous examples include Lermontov’s description of ''adat'' practices in ''A Hero of Our Time'' (1841) and the portrayal of society in Tolstoy’s Hadji Murat (1912). | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||