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{{infobox | {{infobox | ||
| nameofpractice =KhTsB | |||
| flagemoji =🇦🇲 | |||
| definition =The use of social contacts, in-laws, friends or relatives, for solving problems and getting things done | |||
| location =Armenia | |||
| imagemap =Armenia map.png | |||
| clusters = | |||
}} | [[:Category:Economies of favours|Economies of favours]] | ||
| categories = | |||
[[:Category:Armenia|Armenia]] – [[:Category: FSU| FSU]] – [[:Category: Caucasus| Caucasus]] – [[:Category: Favour| Favour]] – [[:Category: Personal connections| Personal connections]] – [[:Category: Network| Network]] – [[:Category: Getting things done| Getting things done]] – [[:Category: Problem-solving| Problem-solving]] – [[:Category: Gift| Gift]] – [[:Category: Kinship| Kinship]] – [[:Category: Employment| Employment]] | |||
| authorofpiece =Armine Petrosyan | |||
| authorinstitution =Alumna, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, UK and George Mason University, USA | |||
| authorwebsite =[https://www.linkedin.com/in/armine-petrosyan-403956103 Profile page at LinkedIn]}} | |||
<big>'''By Armine Petrosyan, Alumna, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, UK and George Mason University, USA'''</big> | |||
[[Category:Economies of favours]] | |||
[[Category:Armenia]] | |||
[[Category: FSU]] | |||
[[Category: Caucasus]] | |||
[[Category: Favour]] | |||
[[Category: Personal connections]] | |||
[[Category: Network]] | |||
[[Category: Getting things done]] | |||
[[Category: Problem-solving]] | |||
[[Category: Gift]] | |||
[[Category: Kinship]] | |||
[[Category: Employment]] | |||
[[Category:Entry]] | |||
[[Category: 2018 entry]] | |||
[[Category: Alumni]] | |||
[[Category: SSEES]] | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
|style="font-size:1.1em;"|''KhTsB'' (pronounced as ''kh-ts- b'', ''ԽԾԲ'' in Armenian) is an abbreviation for an acronym for ''khnami'' (in-laws), ''tsanot'' (acquaintance, friend of a friend), and ''barekam'' (relative) and stands for the use of all social contacts available for solving problems and getting things done, from stronger (relatives) to weaker ties (acquaintances). ''[[Blat (Caucasus)|Blat]]'' in Russia and ''[[guanxi]]'' in China may be considered as an analogous practice to ''KhTsB'' in Armenia. The impact on different aspects of social and economic life of the practice in Armenia has not yet been thoroughly investigated (although see Harutyunyan 2010<ref>Harutyunyan, G. 2010. ‘“Tsanot’i” instituty vorpes sots’ialakan kapitali drsevorman dzev hay hasarakut’yunum’, Anniversary Scientific Session: Collection of articles dedicated to the 90th anniversary of YSU, 5: 165-171</ref>, Shakhnazaryan and Shakhnazaryan 2010<ref>Shakhnazaryan, R. and Shakhnazaryan N. 2010. ‘Sdelai mne uvazhenie: neformal’nye seti podderzhki I neformal’naya ekonomika v kavkazskix obshchestvakh’, Laboratorium: | |||
Russian Review of Social Research, 2(1): 50-72</ref>, Gharagulyan 2011<ref>Gharagulyan, A. 2011. ‘Voch’ dzevakan ts’ants’eri gortsarrut’ayin p’vokhakerpman himnakhndiry hetkhorhrdayin hasarakut’yunnerum’, Banber Yerevani hamalsarani - P’ilisop’ayut’yun, Hogebanut’yun, 135(4): 16-23</ref> and Jilozian 2017<ref>Jilozian, A. 2017. Gender Politics in Armenia: An Exploration of Legislation, Anti-Gender Rhetoric, and Community Strategies, http://www.womensupportcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Gender_politics_final.pdf</ref>). | |||
Similar to ''[[blat]]'', the abbreviation has emerged in Soviet context and was particularly | |||
used in late socialism, under Brezhnev. It denotes Soviet practices of overcoming shortage | used in late socialism, under Brezhnev. It denotes Soviet practices of overcoming shortage | ||
and refers to a social contract between the state and it citizens, the so-called ‘little deal’ | and refers to a social contract between the state and it citizens, the so-called ‘little deal’ | ||
| Line 33: | Line 40: | ||
remained common in Armenia, but its uses and connotations have changed in the context of | remained common in Armenia, but its uses and connotations have changed in the context of | ||
(neo)liberal markets, shadow economy and present-day corruption. | (neo)liberal markets, shadow economy and present-day corruption. | ||
|} | |||
One of the ways of measuring the use of social contacts is through surveys and in- | One of the ways of measuring the use of social contacts is through surveys and in- | ||
depth interviews. I conducted a short online survey among 100 young Armenians (under 35) | depth [[interviews]]. I conducted a short online survey among 100 young Armenians (under 35) | ||
in 2017 to investigate whether they see it as a means for solving problems or a practice that | in 2017 to investigate whether they see it as a means for solving problems or a practice that | ||
creates problems provides a general idea about the spread of ''KhTsB'' in Armenia and its use. | creates problems provides a general idea about the spread of ''KhTsB'' in Armenia and its use. | ||
| Line 88: | Line 95: | ||
Labour is but one channel through which the use of social contacts affects the economy and citizens’ lives. Other areas also deserve the attention of scholars and institutions responsible for policymaking.<ref>Shirinia, T. 2018. ‘The nation family: Intimate encounters and genealogical perversion in | Labour is but one channel through which the use of social contacts affects the economy and citizens’ lives. Other areas also deserve the attention of scholars and institutions responsible for policymaking.<ref>Shirinia, T. 2018. ‘The nation family: Intimate encounters and genealogical perversion in | ||
Armenia,’ American Ethnologist 45(1), 48-59</ref> | Armenia,’ American Ethnologist 45(1), 48-59</ref> | ||
==References== | |||