Contributor, Editor, Supervisor
2,305
edits
Difference between revisions of "Tangentopoli (Italy)"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
Editor2018 (talk | contribs) |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{infobox | {{infobox | ||
| nameofpractice =Tangentopoli | |||
| flagemoji = 🇮🇹 | |||
| definition =System of political corruption in Italy based on kickbacks, which culminated in the judicial investigation leading to the demise of the so-called First Republic | |||
| location =Italy | |||
| imagemap =Italy map.png | |||
| clusters = | |||
}} | [[:Category:Market|Market]] – [[:Category: Functional ambivalence| Functional ambivalence]] – [[:Category: Gaming the system| Gaming the system]] – [[:Category: Camouflage| Camouflage]] – [[:Category: Free-riding| Free-riding]] | ||
| categories = | |||
[[:Category:Italy|Italy]] – [[:Category: Europe| Europe]] – [[:Category: EU| EU]] – [[:Category: Political party| Political party]] – [[:Category: Kickbacks| Kickbacks]] – [[:Category: Collusion| Collusion]] – [[:Category: Elite| Elite]] | |||
| authorofpiece =Liliana Onorato | |||
| authorinstitution =Alumna, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, UK | |||
| authorwebsite =[https://it.linkedin.com/in/liliana-onorato Profile page at LinkedIn]}} | |||
<big>'''By Liliana Onorato, Alumna, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, UK'''</big> | |||
[[Category:Market]] | |||
[[Category: Functional ambivalence]] | |||
[[Category: Gaming the system]] | |||
[[Category: Camouflage]] | |||
[[Category: Free-riding]] | |||
[[Category:Italy]] | |||
[[Category: Europe]] | |||
[[Category: EU]] | |||
[[Category: Political party]] | |||
[[Category: Kickbacks]] | |||
[[Category: Collusion]] | |||
[[Category: Elite]] | |||
[[Category:Entry]] | |||
[[Category: Volume 2]] | |||
[[Category: Alumni]] | |||
[[Category: SSEES]] | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
|style="font-size:1.1em;"| The term ''Tangentopoli'' comes from the words ''tangente'', meaning ‘kickback’ or ‘bribe’ in Italian, and poli, from the ancient Greek word polis, meaning ‘city’ (De Mauro and Mancini 2000<ref>De Mauro, T. and Mancini, M. 2000. Garzanti Etimologico: i grandi dizionari. Milano: Garzanti Linguistica</ref>). It is commonly translated in English as ‘Bribesville’ (Clari and Love 1995<ref>Clari, M. and Love, C. 1995. Collins English-Italian, Italian-English Dictionary. Glasgow: Harper Collins.</ref>) or ‘Kickback City’ (Bareggi 2010<ref>Bareggi, M. 2010. Oxford-Paravia Italian Dictionary. Oxford and Milan: Oxford University Press and Pearson Italia.</ref>). | |||
''''' | The word was coined by the Italian media to describe the web of corruption that characterised the political and entrepreneurial scene in the city of Milan (''Treccani Vocabolario'' 2015<ref>Treccani Vocabolario online. 2015. ‘Tangentopoli,’ http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/tangentopoli/</ref>). This was revealed in February 1992 when Mario Chiesa, a member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), was arrested on suspicion of accepting a bribe in order to promote a business deal (Guanci 2011<ref>Guanci, V. 2011. ‘1992, Tangentopoli,’ Treccani Scuola http://www.treccani.it/scuola/maturita/terza_prova/storia_contemporanea_in_immagini/1992_Guanci_Tangentopoli.html</ref>). The PSI disavowed Chiesa, claiming that he had been acting as a lone wolf and did not represent the party (''Corriere della Sera'' TV 2012<ref>Corriere della Sera TV. 2012. ‘Chiesa è un mariuolo’, 15 February http://video.corriere.it/chiesa-mariuolo/66cf2528-5800-11e1-8cd8-b2fbc2e45f9f</ref>). Chiesa retaliated by spilling the dirt on the political system as a whole. His revelations uncovered a web of corrupt relations between political parties, business and organised crime, and provoked a judicial investigation known as Mani pulite (‘Clean hands’) (Guanci 2011<ref>Guanci, V. 2011. ‘1992, Tangentopoli,’ Treccani Scuola http://www.treccani.it/scuola/maturita/terza_prova/storia_contemporanea_in_immagini/1992_Guanci_Tangentopoli.html</ref>). Soon it became clear that what had been going on was not an isolated event confined to Milan, but a nationwide system of political corruption (''Treccani Enciclopedia'' 2015<ref>Treccani Enciclopedia online. 2015. ‘Tangentopoli,’ http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tangentopoli_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/</ref>). | ||
The term Tangentopoli accordingly came to denote a system based on tacit agreements whereby entrepreneurs paid bribes to politicians as an informal ‘tax’ to obtain public contracts, and politicians then used the money to fund their political parties (Della Porta 2015<ref>Della Porta, D. 2015. ‘Tangentopoli,’ Treccani Enciclopedia Italiana http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tangentopoli_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/</ref>). In its broadest sense, the term became synonymous with any kind of widespread political corruption (''Treccani Vocabolario'' 2015<ref>Treccani Vocabolario online. 2015. ‘Tangentopoli,’ http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/tangentopoli/</ref>). | |||
|} | |||
[[File:Milano Italia Mani Pulite.png|300px|thumb|right|]] | [[File:Milano Italia Mani Pulite.png|300px|thumb|right|]] | ||
| Line 29: | Line 49: | ||
In popular perception, ''Tangentopoli'' left a strong mark on Italian culture and was depicted in literature, theatre and cinema productions (see Further Reading). ‘''Tangentopoli''’ became the Italian variant of the game Monopoly (‘''Tangentopoli diventa gioco''’ 1992<ref>Corriere della Sera. 1992. ‘Tangentopoli diventa gioco,’ 28 June.</ref>). Music played a particularly important role in spreading opinions and criticism. Anti-politics became a popular theme of many Italian songs which in their lyrics depicted the negative elements related to the First Republic such as the unlimited power and corruption exercised by political parties. Singers who denounced the system included Franco Battiato in his song ‘Poor Italy’ (''Povera Italia''), Pierangelo Bertoli in ‘Golden Italy’ (''L’Italia d’oro''), Antonello Venditti in ‘Everybody to hell’ (''Tutti all’inferno''), Edoardo Bennato in ‘Who are you?’ (''Tu chi sei?'') and Giorgio Gaber in ‘Right-Left’ (D''estra-Sinistra''). | In popular perception, ''Tangentopoli'' left a strong mark on Italian culture and was depicted in literature, theatre and cinema productions (see Further Reading). ‘''Tangentopoli''’ became the Italian variant of the game Monopoly (‘''Tangentopoli diventa gioco''’ 1992<ref>Corriere della Sera. 1992. ‘Tangentopoli diventa gioco,’ 28 June.</ref>). Music played a particularly important role in spreading opinions and criticism. Anti-politics became a popular theme of many Italian songs which in their lyrics depicted the negative elements related to the First Republic such as the unlimited power and corruption exercised by political parties. Singers who denounced the system included Franco Battiato in his song ‘Poor Italy’ (''Povera Italia''), Pierangelo Bertoli in ‘Golden Italy’ (''L’Italia d’oro''), Antonello Venditti in ‘Everybody to hell’ (''Tutti all’inferno''), Edoardo Bennato in ‘Who are you?’ (''Tu chi sei?'') and Giorgio Gaber in ‘Right-Left’ (D''estra-Sinistra''). | ||
==References and Bibliography== | ==References and Bibliography== | ||
| Line 40: | Line 58: | ||
# La Repubblica. 1992. ‘Tangentopoli nella Lucania del terremoto,’ 20 November, http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1992/11/20/tangentopoli-nella-lucania-del-terremoto.html?ref=searchteatrodiroma.net. 2015. ‘Suicidi? Tangentopoli in commedia,’ 12 March http://www.teatrodiroma.net/doc/3316/suicidi-tangentopoli-in-commedia | # La Repubblica. 1992. ‘Tangentopoli nella Lucania del terremoto,’ 20 November, http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1992/11/20/tangentopoli-nella-lucania-del-terremoto.html?ref=searchteatrodiroma.net. 2015. ‘Suicidi? Tangentopoli in commedia,’ 12 March http://www.teatrodiroma.net/doc/3316/suicidi-tangentopoli-in-commedia | ||
== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||