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Difference between revisions of "Rushyldyq (Kazakhstan)"
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Attitudes towards ''rushyldyq'' are ambiguous even among Kazakhs. Some Kazakhs encourage mutual assistance among kin, maintaining that ''rushyldyq'' defines Kazakhness (''qazaqshylyq'') – that which distinguishes ethnic Kazakhs from other non-titular citizens of Kazakhstan (Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, etc.). Other Kazakhs consider ''rushyldyq'' to be a ‘disease’, and a threat to the unity of Kazakhs as an ethnic group. Non-titular citizens of Kazakhstan and some outsiders typically regard it as abuse of power for the benefit of kin groups. | Attitudes towards ''rushyldyq'' are ambiguous even among Kazakhs. Some Kazakhs encourage mutual assistance among kin, maintaining that ''rushyldyq'' defines Kazakhness (''qazaqshylyq'') – that which distinguishes ethnic Kazakhs from other non-titular citizens of Kazakhstan (Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, etc.). Other Kazakhs consider ''rushyldyq'' to be a ‘disease’, and a threat to the unity of Kazakhs as an ethnic group. Non-titular citizens of Kazakhstan and some outsiders typically regard it as abuse of power for the benefit of kin groups. | ||
To study ''rushyldyq'' (and clanism in Kazakhstan and Central Asia in general), Western political scientists have used intensive and extensive ethnographic methods, | To study ''rushyldyq'' (and clanism in Kazakhstan and Central Asia in general), Western political scientists have used intensive and extensive ethnographic methods, interviews and focus group methods (Schatz 2004<ref>Schatz, E. 2004. Modern clan politics: The power of “blood” in Kazakhstan and beyond. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.</ref>; Collins 2006<ref>Collins, K. 2006. Clan politics and regime transition in Central Asia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</ref>). Minbaeva and Muratbekova-Touron (2013<ref>Minbaeva, D. B. and Muratbekova-Touron, M. 2013. ‘Clanism: Definition and Implications for Human Resource Management’, Management International Review, 53: 109 – 139.</ref>) have developed ‘clanism’ as a management concept and studied its implications for human resource management practices in Kazakhstan. They undertook a qualitative case research method based on several sources: formal interviews with HR managers; informal conversations with Kazakhstani people; and the authors’ own personal experiences as Kazakhstani citizens. Hotho et al. (2013<ref>Hotho, J., Minbaeva, D., Muratbekova-Touron, M., Rabbiosi, L. 2013. ‘Handling Pressures of Community Logic: The Impact of Clan Ties on Recruitment and Selection in Kazakhstan’, conference paper delivered at The Academy of International Business, Istanbul, Turkey, 3-6 July.</ref>) used a vignette experiment to study the effects of clan ties on the recruitment and selection decisions made by managers in Kazakhstan. The scholars asked participants to impersonate a decision maker during a recruitment and selection process based on realistic situational descriptions (the vignettes), which contained the variables of interest. | ||
Ironically, the use of ''rushyldyq'' is crucial for field researchers to gain the required trust from respondents and access to companies for research cases. Kazakhstani people are often apprehensive about participating in management research, particularly when a study touches upon sensitive issues, such as the influence of clan relations. However, they tend to be more comfortable participating if they trust the party conducting the study; in particular if an interviewer is perceived as ''bizdiki'' or ''svoi'' (‘one of ours’ in Kazakh and Russian, respectively). The following quotation from a respondent illustrates the general attitude of Kazakhstani people to interviews: | Ironically, the use of ''rushyldyq'' is crucial for field researchers to gain the required trust from respondents and access to companies for research cases. Kazakhstani people are often apprehensive about participating in management research, particularly when a study touches upon sensitive issues, such as the influence of clan relations. However, they tend to be more comfortable participating if they trust the party conducting the study; in particular if an interviewer is perceived as ''bizdiki'' or ''svoi'' (‘one of ours’ in Kazakh and Russian, respectively). The following quotation from a respondent illustrates the general attitude of Kazakhstani people to interviews: | ||