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Jirga / Shura (Afghanistan) (view source)
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|style="font-size:1.1em;"| ''Jirga'' is a gathering of elders for the purpose of local or national conflict resolution. ''Jirga'' is a word in Pashto, Dari and Turkish language that means ʻa gathering and consultation among a group of people.ʼ Originally from the Pashtun tribe, the practice has spread to the entire Afghan country. In areas of Afghanistan that are dominated by non-Pashtun ethnicities including Tajiks and Uzbeks, this type of gathering is named ''shura''. | |style="font-size:1.1em;"| ''Jirga'' is a gathering of elders for the purpose of local or national conflict resolution. ''Jirga'' is a word in Pashto, Dari and Turkish language that means ʻa gathering and consultation among a group of people.ʼ Originally from the Pashtun tribe, the practice has spread to the entire Afghan country. In areas of Afghanistan that are dominated by non-Pashtun ethnicities including Tajiks and Uzbeks, this type of gathering is named ''shura''. | ||
In the Pashtun tribe, ''jirgas'' are usually formal events following the rules of reciprocity of the tribal code of conduct, the Pashtunwali. ''Jirgas'' are also organised to resolve conflict at the local level, i.e. among villagers. In a ''jirga'', the local representatives (usually the community's elders) sit in a circle, a formation that dissolves the perception of inequality. The negotiators come to a settlement for the dispute through consensus or a majority vote and the settlement is binding for all parties involved | In the Pashtun tribe, ''jirgas'' are usually formal events following the rules of reciprocity of the tribal code of conduct, the Pashtunwali. ''Jirgas'' are also organised to resolve conflict at the local level, i.e. among villagers. In a ''jirga'', the local representatives (usually the community's elders) sit in a circle, a formation that dissolves the perception of inequality. The negotiators come to a settlement for the dispute through consensus or a majority vote and the settlement is binding for all parties involved. | ||
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An example of a conflict settled through a local ''jirga'' is the story of Kobra (Gang 2011: 62-63), who lost her husband in the civil war when she was pregnant. Years later, having remarried, she faced financial difficulties and decided to claim her late husband’s land for her son. Her late husband’s brother refused to recognise his nephew’s inheritance rights, saying that Kobra’s remarriage invalidated her claim. Kobra sought mediation from a ''jirga'' of elders to resolve the dispute and secured a piece of land for her son. | An example of a conflict settled through a local ''jirga'' is the story of Kobra (Gang 2011: 62-63), who lost her husband in the civil war when she was pregnant. Years later, having remarried, she faced financial difficulties and decided to claim her late husband’s land for her son. Her late husband’s brother refused to recognise his nephew’s inheritance rights, saying that Kobra’s remarriage invalidated her claim. Kobra sought mediation from a ''jirga'' of elders to resolve the dispute and secured a piece of land for her son. | ||