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Difference between revisions of "Runs (Nigeria)"
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The euphemistic language devised by students succeeds in shifting attention away from the negative connotations of fraud and cheating during examinations to the more linguistically neutral or positive associations with problem-solving. The ''runs'' for practices perpetrated by students to deceive invigilators, escape scrutiny or avoid detection during examinations include such terms as ''tattoo'' (fashion), ''formation'' (sport), ''microchips'' (technology) and ''panpa'' (package). Solutions to examination questions inscribed on laps, arms, and palms like body art are known as tattoos, while unauthorized materials smuggled into examination halls by students are known as ''microchips'' or ''panpa'' (see image). These materials are similarly euphemized as ''crib sheets'' or ''ponies'' in English, ''spickzettel'' in German, and [[shpargalka]] or ''shpora'' in Russian (Denisova-Schmidt 2017). Formation denotes a strategic seating plan or arrangement that would allow weak students to copy from brilliant ones with or without the invigilator’s connivance. | The euphemistic language devised by students succeeds in shifting attention away from the negative connotations of fraud and cheating during examinations to the more linguistically neutral or positive associations with problem-solving. The ''runs'' for practices perpetrated by students to deceive invigilators, escape scrutiny or avoid detection during examinations include such terms as ''tattoo'' (fashion), ''formation'' (sport), ''microchips'' (technology) and ''panpa'' (package). Solutions to examination questions inscribed on laps, arms, and palms like body art are known as tattoos, while unauthorized materials smuggled into examination halls by students are known as ''microchips'' or ''panpa'' (see image). These materials are similarly euphemized as ''crib sheets'' or ''ponies'' in English, ''spickzettel'' in German, and [[shpargalka]] or ''shpora'' in Russian (Denisova-Schmidt 2017). Formation denotes a strategic seating plan or arrangement that would allow weak students to copy from brilliant ones with or without the invigilator’s connivance. | ||
The fourth category of ''runs'' refers to the use of fake certificates, clearance slips, fees receipts and other documents forged by students to gain admission to institutions of their choice or sustain their studentship there. Popular terms in this category include ''scam'', a direct word for fraudulent acts; an ''FK'', a phonemic abbreviation of the word fake; ''ike'', a Yoruba lingo for plastic, which has a connotation of an inferior material; and ''ro’dan'', a local word meaning enacting a deceptive magic. Prospective students often engage a [[broker]], a ''runs guy'', who owns a business centre as a cover for forging documents, admission fraud and certificate racketeering. By introduction, they may also liaise with the higher education staff. Students who commenced their adult lives by cheating with ''ike'' or ''FK'' or getting involved in ''ro’dan'' and scam, might express regret about building their careers on a false foundation which led to unfulfilled dreams | The fourth category of ''runs'' refers to the use of fake certificates, clearance slips, fees receipts and other documents forged by students to gain admission to institutions of their choice or sustain their studentship there. Popular terms in this category include ''scam'', a direct word for fraudulent acts; an ''FK'', a phonemic abbreviation of the word fake; ''ike'', a Yoruba lingo for plastic, which has a connotation of an inferior material; and ''ro’dan'', a local word meaning enacting a deceptive magic. Prospective students often engage a [[broker]], a ''runs guy'', who owns a business centre as a cover for forging documents, admission fraud and certificate racketeering. By introduction, they may also liaise with the higher education staff. Students who commenced their adult lives by cheating with ''ike'' or ''FK'' or getting involved in ''ro’dan'' and scam, might express regret about building their careers on a false foundation which led to unfulfilled dreams. In the short-term, students who got caught can be dismissed from their schools or have their certificates revoked (Kigotho 2004). | ||
==Entries in the online encyclopaedia linking to ''runs''== | ==Entries in the online encyclopaedia linking to ''runs''== | ||